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    utl_file包的应用是非常广泛的,而且也很实用,应为Oracle虽然有SQL*Loader可以将文本的内容读到数据库里,但是不能将数据库内容输出到文本。所以基本上是要用到utl_file包来操作。今天又要用的时候搜了一下以前的博客,发现都没有涉及到这个,所以今天特别来仔细得了解一下这个包的用法。
 
    先看了一下Oracle官方文档中的介绍,utl_file推荐直接使用自己创建的DIRECTORY来操作文件,而不要继续使用UTL_FILE_DIR包来指定。
 
    utl_file包的工作机制是这样的:首先要使用FOPEN函数,将文件的路径、文件名、以及打开模式的参数传入,然后Oracle会到ALL_DIRECTORIES视图中查看路径是否已经创建。如果路径和文件名均合法,则该文件被打开到一个file_type中,然后可以进行各种操作,最后使用FCLOSE函数将其关闭。
 
    OK基本上就是这样子了,接下来看一下这个包的内容(取自 10gR2),加点颜色标注一下,中文的注释都是我加的:
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE SYS.utl_file AUTHID CURRENT_USER AS

 

  /* FILE_TYPE - File handle */

 --utl_file包的操作都需要指定一个file_type型的对象(用FOPEN来装入)

  TYPE file_type IS RECORD (id BINARY_INTEGER ,

                            datatype BINARY_INTEGER ,

                            byte_mode BOOLEAN );

 

  /* Exceptions */

  file_open            EXCEPTION ;--打开请求失败,文件已经被打开

  charsetmismatch      EXCEPTION ;--文件使用FOPEN_NCHAR打开,但是进行了nonchar操作(如PUTF/GET_LINE)

  invalid_path         EXCEPTION ;--错误的路径

  invalid_mode         EXCEPTION ;--提供了FOPEN不支持的打开模式

  invalid_filehandle   EXCEPTION ;--文件处理错误

  invalid_operation    EXCEPTION ;--文件无法打开

  read_error           EXCEPTION ;--在read时发生操作系统错误

  write_error          EXCEPTION ;--在write时发生操作系统错误

  internal_error       EXCEPTION ;--未指定的PLSQL错误

  invalid_maxlinesize  EXCEPTION ;--FOPEN的最大行定义错误(必须在1到32767之间)

  invalid_filename     EXCEPTION ;--文件名错误,或无法找到

  access_denied        EXCEPTION ;--无法进入指定路径

  invalid_offset       EXCEPTION ;--比较复杂,不管了

  delete_failed        EXCEPTION ;--删除操作发生错误

  rename_failed        EXCEPTION ;--重命名操作发生错误

 

  --以下都是自己定义的Exception Errcode.

  charsetmismatch_errcode     CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29298 ;

  invalid_path_errcode         CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29280 ;

  invalid_mode_errcode        CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29281 ;

  invalid_filehandle_errcode  CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29282 ;

  invalid_operation_errcode   CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29283 ;

  read_error_errcode          CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29284 ;

  write_error_errcode         CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29285 ;

  internal_error_errcode      CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29286 ;

  invalid_maxlinesize_errcode CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29287 ;

  invalid_filename_errcode    CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29288 ;

  access_denied_errcode       CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29289 ;

  invalid_offset_errcode      CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29290 ;

  delete_failed_errcode       CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29291 ;

  rename_failed_errcode       CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := - 29292 ;

 

  --自定义的错误

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (charsetmismatch,     - 29298 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (invalid_path,        - 29280 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (invalid_mode,        - 29281 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (invalid_filehandle,  - 29282 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (invalid_operation,   - 29283 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (read_error,          - 29284 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (write_error,         - 29285 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (internal_error,      - 29286 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (invalid_maxlinesize, - 29287 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (invalid_filename,    - 29288 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (access_denied,       - 29289 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (invalid_offset,      - 29290 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (delete_failed,       - 29291 );

  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (rename_failed,       - 29292 );

 

  /*

  ** FOPEN - open file

  **

  ** As of 8.0.6, you can have a maximum of 50 files open simultaneously.

  **

  ** As of 9.0.2, UTL_FILE allows file system access for directories

  ** created as database objects.  See the CREATE DIRECTORY command.

  ** Directory object names are case sensitive and must match exactly

  ** the NAME string in ALL_DIRECTORIES.  The LOCATION parameter may be

  ** either a directory string from the UTL_FILE_DIR init.ora parameter

  ** or a directory object name.

  **

  ** IN

  **   location     - directory location of file

  **   filename     - file name (including extention)

  **   open_mode    - open mode ('r', 'w', 'a' 'rb', 'wb', 'ab')

        --'r':读文件(清空后再写入)

        --'w':写文件

        --'a':追加文件(即不删除之前内容)

        --'rb':byte mode 读文件(清空后再写入)

        --'wb':byte mode 写文件

        --'ab':byte mode 追加文件(即不删除之前内容)

  **   max_linesize - maximum number of characters per line, including the

  **                  newline character, for this file.

  **                  Valid values are 1 through 32767 and NULL.  A NULL

  **                  value for max_linesize indicates that UTL_FILE should

  **                  calculate an operating system specific value at runtime.

  ** RETURN

  **   file_type handle to open file

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_path        - file location or name was invalid

  **   invalid_mode        - the open_mode string was invalid

  **   invalid_operation   - file could not be opened as requested

  **   invalid_maxlinesize - specified max_linesize is too large or too small

  **   access_denied       - access to the directory object is denied

  */

  FUNCTION fopen(location     IN VARCHAR2 ,

                 filename     IN VARCHAR2 ,

                 open_mode    IN VARCHAR2 ,

                 max_linesize IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL )

           RETURN file_type;

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fopen, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FOPEN_NCHAR - open file

  **

  ** Note: since NCHAR contains mutibyte character, it is highly recommended

  **       that the max_linesize is less than 6400.

  */

 

  FUNCTION fopen_nchar(location     IN VARCHAR2 ,

                       filename     IN VARCHAR2 ,

                       open_mode    IN VARCHAR2 ,

                       max_linesize IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL )

           RETURN file_type;

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fopen_nchar, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** IS_OPEN - Test if file handle is open

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle

  **

  ** RETURN

  **   BOOLEAN - Is file handle open/valid?

  */

  FUNCTION is_open(file IN file_type) RETURN BOOLEAN ;

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (is_open, WNDS , RNDS , WNPS , RNPS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FCLOSE - close an open file

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle (open)

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  */

  PROCEDURE fclose(file IN OUT file_type);

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fclose, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FCLOSE_ALL - close all open files for this session

  **

  ** For Emergency/Cleanup use only.  FILE_TYPE handles will not be

  ** cleared (IS_OPEN will still indicate they are valid)

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle (open)

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  */

  PROCEDURE fclose_all;

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fclose_all, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

  /*

  ** GET_LINE - Get (read) a line of text from the file

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle (open in read mode)

  **   len  - input buffer length, default is null, max is 32767

  ** OUT

  **   buffer - next line of text in file

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   no_data_found      - reached the end of file

  **   value_error        - line to long to store in buffer

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for reading

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   read_error         - OS error occurred during read

  **   charsetmismatch    - if the file is open for nchar data.

  */

  --注意这个函数会读取一行一直到line terminator,然后下一次读取时接着下面的内容

  --当到达最后一行时返回no_data_found错误

  PROCEDURE get_line(file   IN file_type,

                     buffer OUT VARCHAR2 ,

                     len    IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (get_line, WNDS , RNDS , WNPS , RNPS , TRUST );

 

  /* GET_LINE_NCHAR - Get (read a line of nchar data from the file.

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle (open in read mode)

  **   len  - input buffer length, default is null, max is 32767

   ** OUT

  **   buffer - next line of text in file

  **            the data might be convert from UTF8 to current charset.

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   no_data_found      - reached the end of file

  **   value_error        - line to long to store in buffer

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for reading

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   read_error         - OS error occurred during read

  **   charsetmismatch    - if the file is open for char data.

  */

  PROCEDURE get_line_nchar(file   IN   file_type,

                           buffer OUT NVARCHAR2 ,

                           len    IN   BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (get_line_nchar, WNDS , RNDS , WNPS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** PUT - Put (write) text to file

  **

  ** IN

  **   file   - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  **   buffer - Text to write

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  **   charsetmismatch    - if the file is open for nchar data.

  */

  --这个就是没有换行符的PUT_LINE,需要自己加NEW_LINE

  PROCEDURE put(file   IN file_type,

                buffer IN VARCHAR2 );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (put, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** PUT_NCHAR - Put (write) nchar data to file

  ** IN

  **   file   - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  **   buffer - Text to write. the data will convert to UTF8 if needed.

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  **   charsetmismatch    - if the file is open for char data.

  */

  PROCEDURE put_nchar(file   IN file_type,

                buffer IN NVARCHAR2 );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (put_nchar, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** NEW_LINE - Write line terminators to file

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  **   lines - Number of newlines to write (default 1)

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  */

  --表示在这个位置插入一个换行符(也可以指定空的行数)

  --这个还是比较实用的

  PROCEDURE new_line(file  IN file_type,

                     lines IN NATURAL := 1 );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (new_line, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** PUT_LINE - Put (write) line to file

  **

  ** IN

  **   file      - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  **   buffer    - Text to write.

  **   autoflush - Flush following write, default=no flush

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  **   charsetmismatch    - if the file is open for nchar data.

  */

  PROCEDURE put_line(file    IN file_type,

                     buffer IN VARCHAR2 ,

                     autoflush IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (put_line, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** PUT_LINE_NCHAR - Put (write) line of nchar data to file

  ** IN

  **   file   - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  **   buffer - Text to write. The data might convert to UTF8 if needed.

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  **   charsetmismatch    - if the file is open for char data.

  */

  PROCEDURE put_line_nchar(file   IN file_type,

                     buffer IN NVARCHAR2 );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (put_line_nchar, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** PUTF - Put (write) formatted text to file

  **

  ** Format string special characters

  **     '%s' - substitute with next argument

  **     '\n' - newline (line terminator)

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  **   format - Formatting string

  **   arg1 - Substitution argument #1

  **   ...

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

   **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  **   charsetmismatch    - if the file is open for nchar data.

  */

    /***********************************************************************

    这是一个输入格式化内容的过程定义,相当于C语言中的printf,具体的可以看下面这个例子:

   

    Hello, world!
    I come from Zork with greetings for all earthlings.
   

    my_world varchar2(4) := 'Zork';
    ...
    PUTF(my_handle, 'Hello, world!\nI come from %s with %s.\n',
    my_world,
    'greetings for all earthlings');

    ************************************************************************/

  procedure putf(file   IN file_type,

                 format IN VARCHAR2 ,

                 arg1   IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ,

                 arg2   IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ,

                 arg3   IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ,

                 arg4   IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ,

                 arg5   IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (putf, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** PUTF_NCHAR - Put (write) formatted text to file

  **

  ** Format string special characters

  **     N'%s' - substitute with next argument

  **     N'\n' - newline (line terminator)

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  **   format - Formatting string

  **   arg1 - Substitution argument #1

  **   ...

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **                      - file is open for byte mode access

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  **   charsetmismatch    - if the file is open for char data.

 

  */

  procedure putf_nchar(file   IN file_type,

                 format IN NVARCHAR2 ,

                 arg1   IN NVARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ,

                 arg2   IN NVARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ,

                 arg3   IN NVARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ,

                 arg4   IN NVARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ,

                 arg5   IN NVARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (putf_nchar, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FFLUSH - Force physical write of buffered output

  **

  ** IN

  **   file - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  */

  --FFLUSH是用来手工将buffer中的内容写到文件中的

  --特别是在文件依然打开的状态下需要读取的时候,可以FFLUSH之后进行read

  PROCEDURE fflush(file IN file_type);

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fflush, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** PUT_RAW - Write a raw value to file.

  **

  ** IN  file      - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  ** IN  buffer    - Raw data

  ** IN  autoflush - Flush following write, default=no flush

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **   write_error        - OS error occured during write operation

  */

  PROCEDURE put_raw(file      IN file_type,

                    buffer    IN RAW ,

                    autoflush IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (put_raw, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** GET_RAW - Read a raw value from file.

  **

  ** The GET_RAW() will read until it sees a line termination character

  ** or until the number of bytes specified in the LEN parameter has been read.

  **

  ** IN  file      - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  ** OUT buffer    - Raw data

  ** IN  len       - Nubmer of bytes to be read

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **   read_error         - OS error occured during read operation

  */

  PROCEDURE get_raw(file   IN   file_type,

                    buffer OUT NOCOPY RAW ,

                    len    IN   BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (get_raw, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FSEEK - Move the file pointer to a specified position within the file.

  **

  ** IN  file            - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  ** IN  absolute_offset - Absolute offset to which to seek.

  ** IN  relative_offset - Relative offset, forward or backwards, to which

  **                       to seek.

  **

  ** The file must be open in read mode in order to use fseek().

  **

  ** If both absolute_offset and relative_offset are not NULL, absolute_offset

  ** takes precedence.  A negative relative_offset will cause fseek to

  ** close and reopen the file and seek in a forward direction.

  **

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_offset     - file is not open for writing/appending

  **   invalid_operation  - file is opened for byte mode access

  */

  PROCEDURE fseek(file            IN OUT file_type,

                  absolute_offset IN      BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL ,

                  relative_offset IN      BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fseek, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FREMOVE - Delete the specified file from disk.

  **

  ** IN  location     - directory location of file

  ** IN  filename     - file name (including extention)

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_path      - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_filename  - file not found or file name NULL

  **   file_open         - file is not open for writing/appending

  **   access_denied     - access to the directory object is denied

  **   remove_failed     - failed to delete file

  */

  --删除文件

  PROCEDURE fremove(location IN VARCHAR2 ,

                    filename IN VARCHAR2 );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fremove, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FCOPY - Copy all or part of a file to a new file.

  **

  ** IN  location     - source directory of file

  ** IN  filename     - source file name (including extention)

  ** IN  dest_dir     - destination directory of file

  ** IN  dest_file    - destination file name (including extention)

  ** IN  start_line   - line number from which to begin copying, default is

  **                         1 referring to the first line in the file

  ** IN  end_line     - line number from which to end copying, default is NULL

  **                         referring to end-of-file

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_path      - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_filename  - file not found or file name is NULL

  **   invalid_lineno    - bad start_line or end_line value

  */

  PROCEDURE fcopy(src_location  IN VARCHAR2 ,

                  src_filename  IN VARCHAR2 ,

                  dest_location IN VARCHAR2 ,

                  dest_filename IN VARCHAR2 ,

                  start_line    IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT 1 ,

                  end_line      IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fcopy, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FGETATTR - Get file attributes

  **

  ** IN  location     - directory location of file

  ** IN  filename     - file name (including extention)

  ** OUT fexists      - true or false, for exists or doesn't exist.  Note:

  **                      the following parameters have no meaning if the file

  **                      doesn't exist, in which case, they return NULL.

  ** OUT file_length  - length of the file in bytes.

  ** OUT block_size   - filesystem block size in bytes.

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_path      - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_filename  - file not found or file name NULL

  **   file_open         - file is not open for writing/appending

  **   access_denied     - access to the directory object is denied

  */

  --这个过程是用于获得文件属性的,具体内容上面说的很清楚了

  PROCEDURE fgetattr(location    IN VARCHAR2 ,

                     filename    IN VARCHAR2 ,

                     fexists     OUT BOOLEAN ,

                     file_length OUT NUMBER ,

                     block_size  OUT BINARY_INTEGER );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fgetattr, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FGETPOS - Return the current position in the file in bytes.

  **

  ** IN  file      - File handle (open in write/append mode)

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_filehandle - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_operation  - file is not open for writing/appending

  **   invalid_operation  - file is open for byte mode access

  */

  FUNCTION fgetpos(file IN file_type) RETURN BINARY_INTEGER ;

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (fgetpos, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

  /*

  ** FRENAME - Rename a file to a new name.

  **

  ** IN  location     - source directory of file

  ** IN  filename     - source file name (including extention)

  ** IN  dest_dir     - destination directory of file

  ** IN  dest_file    - destination file name (including extention)

  ** IN  overwrite    - boolean signifying whether to overwrite an existing

  **                      in the event that one exists, default  no overwrite

  ** EXCEPTIONS

  **   invalid_path      - not a valid file handle

  **   invalid_filename  - file not found or file name NULL

  **   rename_failed     - rename of the file failed

  **   access_denied     - access to the directory object is denied

  */

  PROCEDURE frename(src_location   IN VARCHAR2 ,

                    src_filename   IN VARCHAR2 ,

                    dest_location  IN VARCHAR2 ,

                    dest_filename  IN VARCHAR2 ,

                    overwrite      IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE );

  PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (frename, WNDS , RNDS , TRUST );

 

END utl_file;

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
    好了,写完收功!
 




-The End-

posted on 2009-05-13 20:58 decode360-3 阅读(2559) 评论(0)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: Oracle

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