让变化成为计划的一部分

欢迎大家探讨本Blog涉及的所有软件课题。我的Google Talk ID:zhengyun(at)gmail.com。

我最希望软件带给用户的感受是:美好的体验、舒适感、简约、干净...

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另外,还有一篇必读的文章《Debugging MIDP HTTP Requests,http://developers.sun.com/techtopics/mobility/midp/articles/httpdebug/》,也给出了一份源代码,http://developers.sun.com/techtopics/mobility/midp/articles/httpdebug/src/httpwrapper.zip,算是另外一种封装实现了。

一个来自日本的MIDP 1.0 HttpConnection类的robust封装

作者:zhengyun_ustc、cleverpig



一、“NetConnection”简介:

转述Matrix上zhengyun_ustc所述:“你的HttpConnection是否封装的足够健壮呢?遇到各种情况,你是否有信心应对呢?譬如说,你要请求的Response包实在太大,以至于运营商给你掐了告诉你说超时;譬如说你是不是总要自己写一个线程来专门作http连接?譬如说有一些移动运营商设置了caching proxy servers,妨碍了你的测试。”

为了解决这个问题,一位日本程序员“JAY-F”针对MIDP1.0提供了一种robust的“NetConnection”封装。这个HttpConnnection类负责管理连接并易于使用。

二、“NetConnection”特性:

1. 跨过Proxy-server阻碍:

一些移动网络放置了代理服务器用来提高访问速度,但是它的cache也成为了开发人员测试/调试程序的一大障碍。“NetConnection”类使用一个简单的http request属性将server上的代理功能关闭掉。

2. 使用线程分离的连接模式:

本类可以使用单线程、多线程两种模式运行,只要设置一个简单的标志即可。

3. 支持Http request range:

由于服务商在其网络上可能存在一些针对回应数据最大长度的限制,所以“NetConnection”类提供了构造request URL的功能使回应数据分为多个数据包。从而去除了前面的限制。

三、netConnection是如何实现的?

1。netConnection类结构分析:

此类实现了Runnable接口,其运行模式支持多线程模式:当前只能由一个线程使用资源,其它线程wait。

此类使用了一些静态成员变量:

        //当前只能由一个线程使用singleton。
        private static NetConnection singleton = new NetConnection();

        private static HttpConnection httpConn;

        private static String url;

        private static String method;

        private static byte[] data;
                

        private static String contentType;
        

        private static long lowRange;
        

        private static long highRange;
        

        private static boolean disableProxy;
        

        private static boolean detached;
        
        private static byte[] response;


类方法:

//线程run方法
public void run()

//当前运行的线程执行完毕后,通报给其它的由于等待资源而wait状态的线程
private synchronized void forceNotify()

//当资源正在被其它线程使用时,当前线程进入wait状态
private synchronized void forceWait()

//关闭http连接
private static void severConnection()


由于使用了这些static成员变量,所以一些操作方法需要同步(synchronized)。

2。netConnection核心代码解析:

netConnection类的实现思想很简单,就是设置一些request属性和对于GET方法构造一个特殊的URL。更重要的是其作者对http协议的深入理解、严谨的代码风格值得吾辈学习、研究。这也是本人分析其核心代码的一大原因。

/**
* 实现了连接逻辑。
* 调用者可以在分离的线程中使用netConnection类的静态连接。
* @throws IllegalStateException 如果此方法直接其它类调用则抛出该异常
*/
public void run() {
        
        if (url == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot invoke this method!");
        }

        
        DataOutputStream dos = null;
        DataInputStream dis = null;
        StringBuffer buffer = null;

        try {

                int permissions = 0;
                
                //根据method值,设置Connector的权限(READ/READ_WRITE)
                if (HttpConnection.GET.equals(method)) {
                        permissions = Connector.READ;
                } else if (HttpConnection.POST.equals(method)) {
                        permissions = Connector.READ_WRITE;
                }
                
                //如果关闭server代理功能,则构造noProxyUrl。
                //原理:使用timestamp作为该URL中no-proxy参数值,
                //        致使server视其为client发来的新请求。
                if (disableProxy) {
                        
                        boolean hasQueryParams = false;
                        
                        char[] ca = url.toCharArray();
                        //判断原URL中是否含有参数
                        for (int loop = 0; loop < url.length(); loop++) {
                                
                                if (ca[loop] == '?') {
                                        hasQueryParams = true;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        
                        //由于需要多次字符串拼接,所以使用可提供效率的StringBuffer类
                        StringBuffer noProxyUrl = new StringBuffer();

                        //将原URL内容复制到noProxyUrl
                        noProxyUrl.append(url);

                        //如果原URL中含有参数,
                        //  则需要在noProxyUrl中增加"&",
                        //  否则直接在noProxyUrl中增加"?",
                        //  这样做为了后面增加no-proxy参数做准备。
                        if (hasQueryParams) {
                                noProxyUrl.append("&");
                        } else {
                                noProxyUrl.append("?");
                        }

                        //增加no-proxy参数
                        noProxyUrl.append("no-proxy=");
                        noProxyUrl.append(System.currentTimeMillis()); // timestamp
                        
                        //将构造好的noProxyUrl复制到原URL
                        url = noProxyUrl.toString();
                }
                
                

                // 打开Http 连接
                httpConn = (HttpConnection) Connector.open(url, permissions, true);
                //设置request方法
                httpConn.setRequestMethod(method);

                //如果request权限为READ(即request方法为GET),
                //则需要设置http request属性的Range。
                //原理:设置http request属性的Range后的,
                //        server接收到该request后将把response数据分成小部分发回。
                //        从而避免了部分运营商对http response size的限制。
                if (permissions == Connector.READ) {        
                        if (lowRange > -1 && lowRange < highRange) {
                                StringBuffer range = new StringBuffer();
                                
                                range.append("bytes=");
                                range.append(lowRange);
                                range.append("-");
                                range.append(highRange);
                                
                                httpConn.setRequestProperty("Range", range.toString());
                        }
                //否则,request权限为READ_WRITE(即request方法为POST),
                //那么设置request的Content-Type属性。
                } else if (permissions == Connector.READ_WRITE) {
                        // POST request
                        httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", contentType);
                        dos = httpConn.openDataOutputStream();
                        dos.write(data);
                }
        
        } catch (Exception e) {
        
                exceptionPipe = e;
                //如果程序运行在多线程模式,则在异常发生后需要唤醒其它睡眠的线程继续run
                if (detached) {
                        forceNotify();
                }
                
                return;
                
        } finally {

                try {
                        try {
                                if (dos != null) {
                                        // 关闭dos
                                        dos.close();
                                }
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                                // 如果程序运行在多线程模式,则在异常发生后需要唤醒其它睡眠的线程继续run
                                if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                        exceptionPipe = e;
                                        
                                        if (detached) {
                                                forceNotify();
                                        }
                                        return;
                                }
                        } finally {
                                dos = null;
                        }
                        
                        // 读取http连接的回应代码
                        int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();
                        
                        //当request方法为GET,并设置了request range时,接收到的回应代码为HTTP_PARTIAL
                        //当request方法为POST,接收到的回应代码为HTTP_OK
                        //如果上述两种回应代码均没有收到,则表明连接失败或者出问题
                        if (responseCode != HttpConnection.HTTP_OK
                                        && responseCode != HttpConnection.HTTP_PARTIAL) {

                                if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                        StringBuffer errorCode = new StringBuffer();
                                        errorCode.append("Response code from server: ");
                                        errorCode.append(responseCode);
                                        errorCode.append("\nMessage: [");
                                        errorCode.append(httpConn.getResponseMessage());
                                        errorCode.append("]");
                                        
                                        exceptionPipe = new IOException(errorCode.toString());
                                        
                                        if (detached) {
                                                forceNotify();
                                        }
                                        return;
                                }
                        }

                        //如果收到了上述的两种回应代码之一,则可以继续读取server的response数据
                        dis = httpConn.openDataInputStream();

                        //循环读取repsonse数据
                        int ch;
                        buffer = new StringBuffer();
                while ((ch = dis.read()) != -1) {
                        buffer.append((char) ch);
                }

                //将response数据进行必要的编码转换                
                        response = buffer.toString().getBytes("ISO8859_1");
                        //接收到回应后,表明整个http会话过程结束,线程将结束。
                        //如果程序运行在多线程模式,则此时需要唤醒其它睡眠的线程继续run
                        if (detached) {
                                forceNotify();
                        }
                        
                        return;

                } catch (Exception e) {
                        
                        if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                exceptionPipe = e;
                                
                                if (detached) {
                                        forceNotify();
                                }
                                
                                return;
                        }
                } finally {
                    
                        try {
                                if (dis != null) {
                                        // 关闭dis
                                        dis.close();
                                }
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                                // 若关闭dis时发生异常,则进行异常处理
                                if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                        exceptionPipe = e;
                                        
                                        if (detached) {
                                                forceNotify();
                                        }
                                        return;
                                }
                        } finally {
                                dis = null;
                        }
                        
                        try {
                                if (httpConn != null) {
                                        //关闭http连接
                                        httpConn.close();

                                        httpConn = null;
                                }
                        } catch (Exception e) {

                                if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                        exceptionPipe = e;
                                        
                                        if (detached) {
                                                forceNotify();
                                        }
                                        return;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
}


五、参考资料:

联系netConnection作者:JAY-F
源代码下载
HTTP/1.1定义


不知道大家会更喜欢哪一种封装呢?


HttpConnectionWrapper吗?
他的调用方法:


        Wait w = (Wait) display.getCurrent();
        HttpConnection conn = null;
        InputStream in = null;
        
        try {
            conn = new HttpConnectionWrapper( (HttpConnection) Connector.open( url ) );
            conn.setRequestProperty( "User-Agent", "Profile/MIDP-1.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.0" );
            conn.setRequestProperty( "Connection", "close" );
            conn.setRequestProperty( "Send-HTTP-Log-To", "ericgiguere@ericgiguere.com" );
            int rc = conn.getResponseCode();
            w.update( "Response code " + rc );
            in = conn.openInputStream();
            
            for( int i = 0; i < 100; ++i ){
                if( in.read() == -1 ) break;
            }


封装类示意:


/**
 * A wrapper for the HttpConnection interface that logs method
 * calls and state transitions. Wrap a connection immediately
 * after obtaining it from Connector.open. Information is logged
 * according to the log level set the "httpwrapper" logger.
 */

public class HttpConnectionWrapper implements HttpConnection {



还是NetConnection?
他的调用方法:

NetConnection.connect("http://www.molon.com.cn/",data,HttpConnection.GET,...);


封装类示意:


/**
 * This class provides robust network connectivity and exception handling
 * over an unreliable MIDP HttpConnection.
 *
 * In addition the caller may perform a combination of any of the below
 * functions.
 *
 * - Proxy-server thwarting
 * - HTTP range requests
 * - Thread-separated connections
 *
 * @author Jason Fuerstenberg (http://www.jay-f.jp)
 * @version 2004/03/15
 */
public final class NetConnection implements Runnable {


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