Comprehend

• A variable holds a value, while an object reference variable points to the memory that holds the object.
• The short-circuit logical operators && and || operate only on boolean operands. For example, the expression
  9&&7 will not compile. Understand the difference between short-circuit logical operators and bitwise
  operators.
• If the first expression of a && operator is false, the second expression is not evaluated, and if the first
  expression of a || operator is true, the second expression is not evaluated.

Look Out

• Be on guard for words that are only slightly different from the Java keywords, such as synchronize instead of synchronized, implement instead of implements, and protect instead of protected.
• Whether an array stores primitive variables or object references, the array itself is always an object.
• It is illegal to include the array size in the array declaration.
• Division by zero generates a runtime ArithmeticException only if the operands are integers. In case of float and double, the result of division by zero is infinity.
• The result of the modulo operator always carries the sign of the first operand (i.e. the one before the operator);
  you can ignore the sign of the second operand.
• You cannot instantiate an enum by using the new operator.

Memorize

• Know the Java language keywords.
• Know the range of values for all primitive data types.
• All primitive data types except boolean and char are signed.
• The first character of an identifier must be a letter, a dollar sign ($), or an underscore (_). Characters other than the first character in an identifier may be a letter, a dollar sign, an underscore, or a digit.