Notes::small-scale fading
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What
Fading is the distortion that a carrier-modulated telecommunication signal experiences over certain propagation media.
Propagation
models that characterize the rapid fluctions of the received signal
strength over very short travel distances (a few wavelengths) or short
time duration (on the order of seconds) are called
small-scale or
fading models. (Page 106 of [3])
Why
In wireless systems, fading is due to multipath propagation and is sometimes referred to as
multipath induced fading. [1]
How
The effects of fading can be combated by using
diversity
to transmit the signal over multiple channels that experience
independent fading and coherently combining them at the receiver.
Miscellaneous
The
coherence time is a measure of the minimum time required for
the magnitude change of the channel to become decorrelated from its
previous value.
There's a
good summary of large-scale and small-scall fadings on Page 40 and 41 of [5].
References
- Web http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fading
- Web http://www.ylesstech.com/terminology.php?letter=all&id=15
- [Rappaport 2001]
- [Goldsmith 2005]
- [Tse 2005]