Struts2 入门

很久没有看Java相关的东西了，这几天才发现Struts2 已经发布了，以前就听说Struts2就是以前的Webwork2，只是作了少许的改动而已，我以前也没看过Webwork，所以赶紧下来试了一把。
Struts2的地址：http://struts.apache.org/2.x

在Eclipse中新建了一个Tomcat工程（如果用WTP插件的话Dynamic Web工程）struts2Test，以下是添加了Library后的工程截图。

Struts2支持spring，tiles等很多技术，如果要使用，则相应的插件struts2-***-plugin.jar应该包含在classpath中，为了简单我使用struts2-all.jar。实际上用tiles的时候发现有些问题，可能是版本匹配不对，后来我采用了sitemesh来代替tiles，用sitemesh似乎比tiles更简单。

首先，应该设置好web.xml,要使用Struts2＋sitemesh，需依次设置3个filter，最后一个listener是spring的。为了使用struts2和sitemesh的标签，我把标签文件单独拷了出来。

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

< web-app id ="Struts2" version ="2.4" xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >

< display-name > Struts2 </ display-name >

< filter >

< filter-name > Struts2-cleanup </ filter-name >

< filter-class > org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp </ filter-class >

</ filter >

< filter-mapping >

< filter-name > Struts2-cleanup </ filter-name >

< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >

</ filter-mapping >

< filter >

< filter-name > sitemesh </ filter-name >

< filter-class > com.opensymphony.module.sitemesh.filter.PageFilter </ filter-class >

</ filter >

< filter-mapping >

< filter-name > sitemesh </ filter-name >

< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >

</ filter-mapping >

< filter >

< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >

< filter-class > org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </ filter-class >

</ filter >

< filter-mapping >

< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >

< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >

</ filter-mapping >

< listener >

< listener-class > org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </ listener-class >

</ listener >

< welcome-file-list >

< welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file >

</ welcome-file-list >

<!--

This typically isn't required, as the taglib is included in struts-core.jar.

If you really need a taglib configuration within web.xml,

copy struts2-core/core/src/main/resources/META-INF/struts-tags.tld

to the WEB-INF directory as struts-tags.tld.

-->

< taglib >

< taglib-uri > /sitemesh-page </ taglib-uri >

< taglib-location > /WEB-INF/sitemesh-page.tld </ taglib-location >

</ taglib >

< taglib >

< taglib-uri > /sitemesh-decorator </ taglib-uri >

< taglib-location > /WEB-INF/sitemesh-decorator.tld </ taglib-location >

</ taglib >

< taglib >

< taglib-uri > /struts-tags </ taglib-uri >

< taglib-location > /WEB-INF/struts-tags.tld </ taglib-location >

</ taglib >

</ web-app >

要使用spring来为Struts2提供IOC，需要在源码包中的struts.properties设置objectFactory属性。

struts.action.extension = do

struts.custom.i18n.resources = globalMessages

struts.objectFactory = spring

struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = type

struts.ui.theme = simple

为了使用Struts2提供的i18n功能，定义了一个全局的资源文件globalMessages.properties，其内容就不给出了，该文件也放在源码包中。另外，Struts2还缺少一个配置Action的文件strtus.xml,该文件也放在源码包中；再在WEB-INF目录下新建一个spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml和sitemesh的配置文件decorator.xml。两个文件的类容分别如下，我就不解释了：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<! DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >

< beans default-autowire ="autodetect" >

< bean id ="dataSource"

class ="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" >

< property name ="driverClassName" >

< value > com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </ value >

</ property >

< property name ="url" >

< value > jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/forum </ value >

</ property >

< property name ="username" >

< value > test </ value >

</ property >

< property name ="password" >

< null />

</ property >

</ bean >

< bean id ="sessionFactory"

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >

< property name ="dataSource" >

< ref local ="dataSource" />

</ property >

< property name ="mappingResources" >

< list >

< value > cn/tju/lzy/forum/model/User.hbm.xml </ value >

< value > cn/tju/lzy/forum/model/Article.hbm.xml </ value >

< value > cn/tju/lzy/forum/model/Board.hbm.xml </ value >

</ list >

</ property >

< property name ="hibernateProperties" >

< props >

< prop key ="hibernate.dialect" >

org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

</ prop >

< prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > true </ prop >

< prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" >

net.sf.ehcache.hibernate.SingletonEhCacheProvider

</ prop >

</ props >

</ property >

</ bean >

< bean id ="transactionManager"

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >

< property name ="sessionFactory" >

< ref local ="sessionFactory" />

</ property >

</ bean >

< bean id ="userDAO"

class ="cn.tju.lzy.forum.dao.hibernate.UserDAOHibernate" >

< property name ="sessionFactory" >

< ref local ="sessionFactory" />

</ property >

</ bean >

< bean id ="boardDAO"

class ="cn.tju.lzy.forum.dao.hibernate.BoardDAOHibernate" >

< property name ="sessionFactory" >

< ref local ="sessionFactory" />

</ property >

</ bean >

< bean id ="articleDAO"

class ="cn.tju.lzy.forum.dao.hibernate.ArticleDAOHibernate" >

< property name ="sessionFactory" >

< ref local ="sessionFactory" />

</ property >

</ bean >

< bean id ="loginAction" singleton ="true"

class ="cn.tju.lzy.forum.action.LoginAction" >

< property name ="userDAO" >

< ref local ="userDAO" />

</ property >

</ bean >

< bean id ="registAction" singleton ="true"

class ="cn.tju.lzy.forum.action.RegistAction" >

< property name ="userDAO" >

< ref local ="userDAO" />

</ property >

</ bean >

</ beans >

< decorators defaultdir ="/decorators" >

< excludes >

< pattern > /decorators/main.jsp </ pattern >

</ excludes >

< decorator name ="main" page ="main.jsp" >

< pattern > * </ pattern >

</ decorator >

</ decorators >

新建一个struts2的Action，完成regist功能，通常Action都继承自ActionSupport类。

package cn.tju.lzy.forum.action;

import cn.tju.lzy.forum.dao.UserDAO;
import cn.tju.lzy.forum.model.User;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class RegistAction extends ActionSupport {

     /**
     *
      */
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L ;

     private String name = null ;

     private String password = null ;

     private String password2 = null ;

     private String email = null ;

     private UserDAO userDAO = null ;

    @Override
     public String execute() throws Exception {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println( " execute() calling in LoginAction. " );

         if (userDAO.isUserExist(getName())) {
            addActionError(getText( " user.name.exist " ));
             return INPUT;
        } else {

            User user = new User();
            user.setName(name);
            user.setPwd(password);
            user.setEmail(email);

            userDAO.saveUser(user);

             return SUCCESS;
        }

    }

    @Override
     public void validate() {
         if (getName() == null || getName().length() < 1 ) {
            addFieldError( " name " ,getText( " user.name.empty " ));
        }
         if (getPassword() == null || getPassword().length() < 1 ) {
            addFieldError( " password " ,getText( " user.password.empty " ));
        }
         if (getPassword2() == null || getPassword2().length() < 1 ) {
            addFieldError( " password2 " ,getText( " user.password2.empty " ));
        }
         if (getPassword() != null &&! getPassword().equals(getPassword2())) {
            addFieldError( " password2 " ,getText( " user.password.password2.unequal " ));
        }
    }

     public UserDAO getUserDAO() {
         return userDAO;
    }

     public void setUserDAO(UserDAO userDAO) {
         this .userDAO = userDAO;
    }

     public String getEmail() {
         return email;
    }

     public void setEmail(String email) {
         this .email = email;
    }

     public String getName() {
         return name;
    }

     public void setName(String name) {
         this .name = name;
    }

     public String getPassword() {
         return password;
    }

     public void setPassword(String password) {
         this .password = password;
    }

     public String getPassword2() {
         return password2;
    }

     public void setPassword2(String password2) {
         this .password2 = password2;
    }

}

当然还要一些页面文件，以regist.jsp为例：

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>

<% @ taglib uri = " /sitemesh-decorator " prefix = " decorator " %>

<% @ taglib uri = " /struts-tags " prefix = " s " %>

< html >

< head >

< title > regist </ title >

</ head >

< body >

< center >

< div style ="color:red" align ="left" >< s:actionerror /></ div >

< s:form method ="POST" action ="regist" >

< table border ="0" width ="600" >

< thead bgcolor ="#CCCCCC" >

< font size ="5" > < b > < s:text name ="user.regist.form" /> </ b > </ font >

</ thead >

< tr >

< td height ="40" width ="100" align ="right" >< s:text

name ="user.name" /></ td >

< td >< s:textfield name ="name" size ="20" /></ html:text ></ td >

< td height ="40" align ="left" valign ="center"

style ="color:red;font-size:18" >< s:fielderror >

< s:param > name </ s:param >

</ s:fielderror ></ td >

</ tr >

< tr >

< td height ="40" width ="100" align ="right" >< s:text name ="user.password" /></ td >

< td >< s:password name ="password" size ="20" /></ td >

< td height ="40" align ="left" valign ="center"

style ="color:red;font-size:18" >< s:fielderror >

< s:param > password </ s:param >

</ s:fielderror ></ td >

</ tr >

< tr >

< td height ="40" width ="100" align ="right" >< s:text name ="user.password2" /></ td >

< td >< s:password name ="password2" size ="20" /></ td >

< td height ="40" align ="left" valign ="center"

style ="color:red;font-size:18" >< s:fielderror >

< s:param > password2 </ s:param >

</ s:fielderror ></ td >

</ tr >

< tr >

< td height ="40" width ="100" align ="right" >< s:text name ="user.email" /></ td >

< td >< s:textfield name ="email" size ="30" /></ td >

< td height ="40" align ="left" valign ="center"

style ="color:red;font-size:18" >< s:fielderror >

< s:param > email </ s:param >

</ s:fielderror ></ td >

</ tr >

< tr >

< td height ="40" width ="100" align ="right" ></ td >

< td >< s:submit value ="%{getText('button.submit')}" /> < s:reset

value ="%{getText('button.reset')}" /> < s:submit

value ="%{getText('button.cancel')}" action ="welcome" ></ s:submit ></ td >

< td height ="40" align ="right" ></ td >

</ tr >

</ table >

</ s:form ></ center >

</ body >

</ html >

最后，来看一下struts.xml

<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
     < package name ="cn.tju.lzy.forum.action" namespace ="/"
        extends ="struts-default" >

         < action name ="welcome" >
             < result > /pages/index.jsp </ result >
         </ action >

         < action name ="*_input" >
             < result > /pages/{1}.jsp </ result >
         </ action >

         < action name ="regist"
            class ="cn.tju.lzy.forum.action.RegistAction" >
             < result name ="input" > /pages/regist.jsp </ result >
             < result name ="success" type ="redirect-action" > login </ result >
         </ action >

         < action name ="login"
            class ="cn.tju.lzy.forum.action.LoginAction" >
             < result name ="input" > /pages/login.jsp </ result >
             < result name ="success" type ="redirect-action" > welcome </ result >
             < result name ="cancel" type ="redirect-action" > welcome </ result >
         </ action >



     </ package >

</ struts >

实际上将原来的ActionForm和Action合并了，这也许也是Struts2带来的最大变化吧，这样肯定比以前的编写两个类简单了。对于另外的一些功能像拦截器、转化器、验证等我还没有尝试，大家可以参考一下这个网址：http://www.blogjava.net/max/category/16130.html

posted on 2007-01-08 21:59 all gone 阅读(8444) 评论(8) 编辑收藏所属分类: Java

# re: Struts2 入门 2007-03-19 14:36 强，BOSS能不能加我msn: riyuuleah@hotmail.com 我在学hibernate

强，BOSS能不能加我msn: riyuuleah@hotmail.com 我在学hibernate 和spring 想讨教点问题回复更多评论

# re: Struts2 入门[未登录] 2007-05-29 16:46 哈哈

楼主的程序不大对阿，struts2比struts1的一个很大的进步就是action不需要继承框架里的基类的，而你的public class RegistAction extends ActionSupport {
something。。。

}
明显不符合其精神回复更多评论

# re: Struts2 入门 2007-06-30 09:31 refactoring

可以选择实现Action接口或者继承ActionSupport基类。回复更多评论

# re: Struts2 入门 2007-11-14 16:37 feng ge

兄弟！你已经最少5年没碰过java了吧！
现在要好好赶啊！
你很聪明。但不要浪费了哈！回复更多评论

# re: Struts2 入门 2007-11-30 15:29 RYOU

我知道在struts2中properties怎么配置，我为什么不能在他给的框架中struts2-blank-2.0.11这个里怎么吧package.properties重的内容呢，我想改成日语的但是有限制回复更多评论

# re: Struts2 入门 2008-01-07 09:33 bizairshop

struts2不配合spring好使吗？
航服机票: http://www.bizairshop.com 回复更多评论

# 打折机票 2008-04-24 10:56 zjc1999

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# re: Struts2 入门 2007-03-19 14:36 强，BOSS能不能加我msn: riyuuleah@hotmail.com 我在学hibernate

# re: Struts2 入门[未登录] 2007-05-29 16:46 哈哈

# re: Struts2 入门 2007-06-30 09:31 refactoring

# re: Struts2 入门 2007-11-14 16:37 feng ge

# re: Struts2 入门 2007-11-30 15:29 RYOU

# re: Struts2 入门 2008-01-07 09:33 bizairshop

# 打折机票 2008-04-24 10:56 zjc1999

# 打折机票 2008-04-24 11:13 zjc1999

all gone

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