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AOP(Aspect Orient Programming),也就是常说的面向方面编程,它是作为面向对象编程的一种补充,专门用于处理系统中分布于各个模块(不同方法)

中的交叉关注点的问题,在 Java EE 应用中,常常通过 AOP 来处理一些具有横切性质的系统级服务,如事务管理、安全检查、缓存、对象池管理等。

简单点来说,它就是一个拦截器可以拦截一些进程,例如,当某个方法执行时,Spring AOP 可以拦截该执行的方法,并允许在方法执行之前或之后添加额外的功能,

以上如若解释的不好,勿喷 -_- ||

AspectJ 是一个基于 Java 语言的 AOP 框架,提供了强大的 AOP 功能,Spring 从 2.0 起,对 AspectJ 功能都提供了支持 .

几个常用的 AspectJ 注解 : 

    @Before   在方法执行前被执行

    @After     在方法执行后被执行

    @AfterReturning     在方法执行后被执行,并同时拦截方法返回的结果

    @AfterThrowing      在方法抛出异常时候被执行,若方法不抛出异常,则不会被执行

    @Around   这个,不知道要怎么解释了,比较不好解释,就像你拦截了一个方法,并在适当的时候给予放行,放行前后可以做额外的处理,下面看示例就很容易明白了

环境 :

 
eclipse  3.6
maven  3.0.4
spring   3.0.5
aspectj 1.6.11
 


pom.xml 清单 :

 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation
="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
<groupId>com.fancy</groupId>
  
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
  
<packaging>war</packaging>
  
<version>1.0</version>
  
<name>spring-aop Maven Webapp</name>
  
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  
<properties>
    
<spring.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
    
<aspectj.version>1.6.11</aspectj.version>
  
</properties>
  
  
<dependencies>
    
    
<dependency>
      
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      
<version>${spring.version}</version>
    
</dependency>
 
    
<dependency>
      
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      
<version>${spring.version}</version>
    
</dependency>
 
    
<!-- Spring AOP + AspectJ -->
    
<dependency>
      
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      
<version>${spring.version}</version>
    
</dependency>
 
    
<dependency>
      
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
      
<version>${aspectj.version}</version>
    
</dependency>
 
    
<dependency>
      
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      
<version>${aspectj.version}</version>
    
</dependency>
    
    
<dependency>
      
<groupId>junit</groupId>
      
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      
<version>4.7</version>
      
<scope>test</scope>
    
</dependency>
    
  
</dependencies>
  
  
<build>
    
<finalName>spring-aop</finalName>
  
</build>
  
</project>
 


applicationContext.xml 清单 :

 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:p
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"
>
    
  
<!-- 开启注解 -->
  
<context:annotation-config/>
  
<!-- 自动扫描 -->
  
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fancy"/>
  
<!-- 启动 AspectJ 支持 -->
  
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
    
</beans>
 


还是来编写 HelloWorld :

1 . 编写 HelloWorld 接口

 
package com.fancy.service;

public interface HelloWorld {

    
public void sayHi();
    
    
public void sayHiAround(String username);
    
    
public void sayHiThrowException() throws Exception;
    
    
public String  sayHiReturnValue();
    
}
 


2 . 编写 HelloWorld 接口的实现,并将其注解成 spring 的一个组件

 
package com.fancy.service.impl;

import com.fancy.service.HelloWorld;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorld {

    
public void sayHi() {
        
        System.out.println(
"sayHi ---->> Hi fancy !");
    }

    
public void sayHiAround(String username) {
        
        System.out.println(
"sayHiAround ---->> Hi " + username + " !");
    }

    
public void sayHiThrowException() throws Exception {
        
        System.out.println(
"sayHiThrowException ---->> Hi fancy !");
        
throw new Exception("Throw an exception here !!!!");
    }

    
public String sayHiReturnValue() {
        
        System.out.println(
"sayHiReturnValue ---->> Hi fancy !");
        
return "fancy";
    }
    
}
 


3 . 编写方面代码 :

AspectJ @Before 示例

 
package com.fancy.aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect
@Component
public class MyAspect {

    @Before(
"execution (* com.fancy.service.HelloWorld.sayHi(..))")
    
public void logBefore(JoinPoint   joinPoint){
        
        System.out.println(
"logBefore() Method Invoke!");
        System.out.println(
"Hijack Method Name : " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
    }
    
}
 

其中,@Before("execution (* com.fancy.service.HelloWorld.sayHi(..))") 中的 execution (* com.fancy.service.HelloWorld.sayHi(..)) 是切入点表达式,

更多的帮助信息可以查看 spring 的帮助文档,spring 3.0.5 的帮助文档中是在 第 7  章的 7.2.3.4 小节,因为文档上说的也不是太清楚,在这里我也不好说话,

其中的 execution 是用于匹配方法执行的连接点,那个 * 号所占的位不知道是不是代表方法的访问权限,文档上没说,网上也没找到相关解释,哪位知道的望告知啊~~

接下来的 com.fancy.service.HelloWorld.sayHi 就很明显了,就是切入点方法名,再接下来的是 (..),(..) 代表匹配任意数量的参数,可以是 0 个也可以是多个 ;

如果你确定这个方法不需要参数,可以直接使用 (),还可以使用 (*) 来匹配一个任意类型的参数,还可以使用 (* , String),这样代表匹配两个参数,第二个参数必须是

String 类型的参数,这些在 spring 帮助文档的 7.2.3.4 小节都有说到,在这里就不多说了,可以自己去看,英文的看起来更带劲 *_*

再接下来的是 JoinPoint 接口,org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint 接口表示的是目标类连接点对象,这个我也找不到相关的 API,只能手工整理一下了 :

JoinPoint     API 

     java.lang.Object                getThis() :获取代理对象本身;

     java.lang.Object           getTarget() :获取连接点所在的目标对象; 

    Signature                   getSignature() :获取连接点的方法签名对象; 

    java.lang.Object[]             getArgs():获取连接点方法运行时的入参列表; 
             

Junit 测试

 
package junit.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import com.fancy.service.HelloWorld;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestApp {
    
    
private static ApplicationContext context = null;
    
    @BeforeClass
    
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {

        context 
= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }
    
    @Test
    
public void testMethod() throws Exception{
        
        HelloWorld helloworld 
= (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorldImpl");
        helloworld.sayHi();
    }

}
 

后台输出 :

 
logBefore() Method Invoke
!
Hijack Method Name : sayHi
sayHi 
---->> Hi fancy !
 


AspectJ @After 示例

 
package com.fancy.aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect
@Component
public class MyAspect {


    @After(
"execution (* com.fancy.service.HelloWorld.sayHi(..))")
    
public void logAfter(JoinPoint   joinPoint){
        
        System.out.println(
"logAfter() Method Invoke!");
        System.out.println(
"Hijack Method Name : " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
    }
    
}
 

Junit 测试

 
@Test
    
public void testMethod() throws Exception{
        
        HelloWorld helloworld 
= (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorldImpl");
        helloworld.sayHi();
    }
 

后台输出 :

 
sayHi 
---->> Hi fancy !
logAfter() Method Invoke
!
Hijack Method Name : sayHi
 


AspectJ @AfterReturning 示例

 
package com.fancy.aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect
@Component
public class MyAspect {


    @AfterReturning(pointcut 
= "execution (* com.fancy.service.HelloWorld.sayHiReturnValue(..))", returning = "returnValue")
    
public void logAfterReturning(JoinPoint   joinPoint, Object/*String*/ returnValue){
        
        System.out.println(
"logAfterReturning() Method Invoke!");
        System.out.println(
"Hijack Method Name : " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
        System.out.println(
"The Return Value Is : " + returnValue);
    }
    
}
 

Junit 测试

 
@Test
    
public void testMethod() throws Exception{
        
        HelloWorld helloworld 
= (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorldImpl");
        helloworld.sayHiReturnValue();
    }
 

后台输出 :

 
sayHiReturnValue 
---->> Hi fancy !
logAfterReturning() Method Invoke
!
Hijack Method Name : sayHiReturnValue
The Return Value Is : fancy
 


AspectJ @AfterThrowing 示例

 
package com.fancy.aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect
@Component
public class MyAspect {


    @AfterThrowing(pointcut 
= "execution (* com.fancy.service.HelloWorld.sayHiThrowException(..))", throwing = "error")
    
public void logAfterThrowing(JoinPoint joinPoint, Throwable error){
        
        System.out.println(
"logAfterThrowing() Method Invoke!");
        System.out.println(
"Hijack Method Name : " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
        System.out.println(
"Exception Message  :" + error);
    }
    
}
 

Junit 测试

 
@Test
    
public void testMethod() throws Exception{
        
        HelloWorld helloworld 
= (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorldImpl");
        helloworld.sayHiThrowException();
    }
 

后台输出 :

 
sayHiThrowException 
---->> Hi fancy !
logAfterThrowing() Method Invoke
!
Hijack Method Name : sayHiThrowException
Exception Message  :java.lang.Exception: Throw an exception here 
!!!!
 

若将 HelloWorldImpl 类中 sayHiThrowException 方法的异常抛出注释掉,

 
public void sayHiThrowException() throws Exception {
        
        System.out.println(
"sayHiThrowException ---->> Hi fancy !");
        
//throw new Exception("Throw an exception here !!!!");
    }
 

其余不变,再次执行 Junit 测试,后台输出 :

 
sayHiThrowException 
---->> Hi fancy !
 

这就说明,当该方法能够运行正常的时候,没有抛出异常,则,logAfterThrowing 不会被执行 .


AspectJ @Around 示例

 
package com.fancy.aspect;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect
@Component
public class MyAspect {


    @Around(
"execution (* com.fancy.service.HelloWorld.sayHiAround(..))")
    
public void logAround(ProceedingJoinPoint   joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        
        System.out.println(
"logAround() Method Invoke!");
        System.out.println(
"Hijack Method Name  : " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
        System.out.println(
"Hijack Arguments Is : " + Arrays.toString(joinPoint.getArgs()));
        System.out.println(
"Around before : can do something here !");
        joinPoint.proceed(); 
//放行
        System.out.println("Around after  : can do something here !");
    }
    
}
 

Junit 测试

 
@Test
    
public void testMethod() throws Exception{
        
        HelloWorld helloworld 
= (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorldImpl");
        helloworld.sayHiAround(
"fancy");
    }
 

后台输出 :

 
logAround() Method Invoke
!
Hijack Method Name  : sayHiAround
Hijack Arguments Is : [fancy]
Around before : can 
do something here !
sayHiAround 
---->> Hi fancy !
Around after  : can 
do something here !
 

其中,需要提一下 ProceedingJoinPoint 接口 :

ProceedingJoinPoint 继承于 JoinPoint,是其子接口,它新增了两个用于执行连接点方法的方法: 

     java.lang.Object proceed() throws java.lang.Throwable:通过反射执行目标对象的连接点处的方法; 

     java.lang.Object proceed(java.lang.Object[] args) throws java.lang.Throwable:通过反射执行目标对象连接点处的方法,不过使用新的入参替换原来的入参。


最后附上 spring 3.0.5 帮助文档中的一些信息 :

Some examples of common pointcut expressions are given below.

  • the execution of any public method:

    execution(public * *(..))
  • the execution of any method with a name beginning with "set":

    execution(* set*(..))
  • the execution of any method defined by the AccountService interface:

    execution(* com.xyz.service.AccountService.*(..))
  • the execution of any method defined in the service package:

    execution(* com.xyz.service.*.*(..))
  • the execution of any method defined in the service package or a sub-package:

    execution(* com.xyz.service..*.*(..))
  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) within the service package:

    within(com.xyz.service.*)
  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) within the service package or a sub-package:

    within(com.xyz.service..*)
  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the proxy implements the AccountService interface:

    this(com.xyz.service.AccountService)

    'this' is more commonly used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the proxy object available in the advice body.

  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the target object implements the AccountService interface:

    target(com.xyz.service.AccountService)

    'target' is more commonly used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the target object available in the advice body.

  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) which takes a single parameter, and where the argument passed at runtime is Serializable:

    args(java.io.Serializable)

    'args' is more commonly used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the method arguments available in the advice body.

    Note that the pointcut given in this example is different to execution(* *(java.io.Serializable)): the args version matches if the argument passed at runtime is Serializable, the execution version matches if the method signature declares a single parameter of type Serializable.

  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the target object has an @Transactional annotation:

    @target(org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional)

    '@target' can also be used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the annotation object available in the advice body.

  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the declared type of the target object has an @Transactional annotation:

    @within(org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional)

    '@within' can also be used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the annotation object available in the advice body.

  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the executing method has an @Transactional annotation:

    @annotation(org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional)

    '@annotation' can also be used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the annotation object available in the advice body.

  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) which takes a single parameter, and where the runtime type of the argument passed has the@Classified annotation:

    @args(com.xyz.security.Classified)

    '@args' can also be used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the annotation object(s) available in the advice body.

  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) on a Spring bean named 'tradeService':

    bean(tradeService)
  • any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) on Spring beans having names that match the wildcard expression '*Service':

    bean(*Service)






















 



  
posted on 2012-10-05 00:31 fancydeepin 阅读(4833) 评论(1)  编辑  收藏

评论:
# re: Spring AOP + AspectJ framework[未登录] 2013-08-12 20:57 | tiger
前面的那个*号是表示访求的返回类型  回复  更多评论
  

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