自己在网上搜索了一下，将其总结如下：
Android开发者可以利用BroadcastReceiver机制，获取电池电量变化的ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED intent，进而获取当前android设备的电池状态。
具体操作步骤：
1. 创建一个监听ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED事件的intentFilter。
2. 创建一个BroadcastReceiver对象，该对象可以接收broadcast intent。
3. 注册BroadcastReceiver对象来监听ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED事件。
4. 在BroadcastReceiver对象中，重写onReceive方法，在onReceive方法的传入参数intent里获取需要的电池状态信息。
5. 在生命周期结束时，取消step4中的注册。
示例代码：
Java文件
public class BatteryMonitorActivity extends Activity {
private TextView batterLevel;
private BroadcastReceiver batteryLevelRcvr;
private IntentFilter batteryLevelFilter;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
batterLevel = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.batteryLevel);
monitorBatteryState();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(batteryLevelRcvr);
}
private void monitorBatteryState() {
batteryLevelRcvr = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int rawlevel = intent.getIntExtra("level", -1);
int scale = intent.getIntExtra("scale", -1);
int status = intent.getIntExtra("status", -1);
int health = intent.getIntExtra("health", -1);
int level = -1; // percentage, or -1 for unknown
if (rawlevel >= 0 && scale > 0) {
level = (rawlevel * 100) / scale;
}
sb.append("The phone");
if (BatteryManager.BATTERY_HEALTH_OVERHEAT == health) {
sb.append("'s battery feels very hot!");
} else {
switch (status) {
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
sb.append("no battery.");
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING:
sb.append("'s battery");
if (level <= 33)
sb.append(" is charging, battery level is low" + "[" + level + "]");
else if (level <= 84)
sb.append(" is charging." + "[" + level + "]");
else
sb.append(" will be fully charged.");
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING:
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_NOT_CHARGING:
if (level == 0)
sb.append(" needs charging right away.");
else if (level > 0 && level <= 33)
sb.append(" is about ready to be recharged, battery level is low"+ "[" + level + "]");
else
sb.append("'s battery level is" + "[" + level + "]");
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL:
sb.append(" is fully charged.");
break;
default:
sb.append("'s battery is indescribable!");
break;
}
}
sb.append(' ');
batterLevel.setText(sb.toString());
}
};
batteryLevelFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(batteryLevelRcvr, batteryLevelFilter);
}
}
布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/batteryLevel"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:gravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal"
android:textSize="50dip">
</TextView>
</LinearLayout>
由于移动设备电池电量的局限，使得电池电量的控制成为评价一个移动应用好坏的重要标准。个人认为一个电量控制较好的应用，应该是一方面合理安排耗电操作，并且follow android开发中那些省电的best practice，以保证移动设备的用电效率，另一方面，应该识别当前电池电量状态进行耗电操作调整，例如，当电池电量较低时，减小耗电操作的次数，以提供友好的用电方式。