( )

An empty tuple

t1 = (0,)

A one-item tuple (not an expression)

t2 = (0, 'Ni', 1.2, 3)

A four-item tuple

t2 = 0, 'Ni', 1.2, 3

Another four-item tuple (same as prior line)

t3 = ('abc', ('def', 'ghi'))

Nested tuples

t1[i]t3[i][j]t1[i:j]len(t1)

Index, slice, length

t1 + t2t2 * 3

Concatenate, repeat

for x in t23 in t2

Iteration, members

Nonmutating methods

L.count(x)

Returns the number of items of L that are equal to x.

L.index(x)

Returns the index of the first occurrence of an item in L that is equal to x, or raises an exception if L has no such item.

Mutating methods

L.append(x)

Appends item x to the end of L ; e.g., L[len(L):]=[x].

L.extend(s)

Appends all the items of iterable s to the end of L; e.g., L[len(L):]=s.

L.insert(i, x)

Inserts item x in L before the item at index i, moving following items of L (if any) "rightward" to make space (increases len(L) by one, does not replace any item, does not raise exceptions: acts just like L[i:i]=[x]).

L.remove(x)

Removes from L the first occurrence of an item in L that is equal to x, or raises an exception if L has no such item.

L.pop([i])

Returns the value of the item at index i and removes it from L; if i is omitted, removes and returns the last item; raises an exception if L is empty or i is an invalid index in L.

L.reverse( )

Reverses, in place, the items of L.

L.sort([f]) (2.3)

Sorts, in place, the items of L, comparing items pairwise via function f; if f is omitted, comparison is via the built-in function cmp. For more details, see "Sorting a list" on page 57.

L.sort(cmp=cmp, key=None, reverse=False)(2.4)

Sorts, in-place, the items of L, comparing items pairwise via the function passed as cmp (by default, the built-in function cmp). When argument key is not None, what gets compared for each item x is key(x), not x itself. For more details, see "Sorting a list" on page 57.

Nonmutating methods

D.copy( )

Returns a shallow copy of the dictionary (a copy whose items are the same objects as D's, not copies thereof)

D.has_key(k)

Returns TRue if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns False, just like kinD

D.items( )

Returns a new list with all items (key/value pairs) in D

D.keys( )

Returns a new list with all keys in D

D.values( )

Returns a new list with all values in D

D.iteritems( )

Returns an iterator on all items (key/value pairs) in D

D.iterkeys( )

Returns an iterator on all keys in D

D.itervalues( )

Returns an iterator on all values in D

D.get(k[,x])

Returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns x (or None, if x is not given)

Mutating methods

D.clear( )

Removes all items from D, leaving D empty

D.update(D1)

For each k in D1, sets D[k] equal to D1[k]

D.setdefault(k[,x])

Returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, sets D[k] equal to x and returns x

D.pop(k[,x])

Removes and returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns x (or raises an exception if x is not given)

D.popitem( )

Removes and returns an arbitrary item (key/value pair)