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rman 增量备份

一、准备工作
查看是否处在归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     28
Current log sequence           30

如果是"No Archive Mode"
修改为归档模式
首先要关闭数据库,启动到mount状态。
SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;
修改为归档模式
SQL>alter database archivelog;

验证修改结果
SQL> select log_mode from v$database;
LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG

打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;

二、RMAN Catalog 配置
创建 RMAN Calalog表空间
SQL>create tablespace RMAN_TS datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/RMAN_TS01.dbf' size 500M;

--创建用户rman/rman 默认表空间味RMAN_TS允许自由使用
SQL> create user rman identified by rman default tablespace RMAN_TS quota unlimited on RMAN_TS;
用户授权
SQL>grant connect, resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;

创建恢复目录
在命令终端
[oracle@localhost ~]$rman catalog rman/rman
RMAN> CREATE CATALOG;
连接,注册目标数据库,同步catalog和控制文件
[oracle@localhost ~]$rman target sys/wxbwer catalog rman/rman
连接成功出现下面的信息
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1325399111)
connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> REGISTER DATABASE;

RMAN> RESYNC CATALOG;

下面是否有注册信息即可
RMAN>LIST INCARNATION;

List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
2       36      ORCL     1325399111       PARENT  1          13-AUG-09
2       4       ORCL     1325399111       CURRENT 754488     25-OCT-12

三、创建RMAN备份脚本
来自:http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612/article/details/8029245
##===========================================================  
##   db_bak_rman.sh                
##   created by Robinson           
##   2011/11/07    
##   usage: db_bak_rman.sh <$ORACLE_SID> <$BACKUP_LEVEL>  
##          BACKUP_LEVEL:   
##             F: full backup  
##             0: level 0  
##             1: level 1                             
##============================================================  
#!/bin/bash  
# User specific environment and startup programs  
 
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ];   
then  
. ~/.bash_profile  
fi  
 
ORACLE_SID=${1};                              export ORACLE_SID      
RMAN_LEVEL=${2};                              export RMAN_LEVEL  
TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`;                 export TIMESTAMP       
DATE=`date +%Y%m%d`;                          export DATE          
#RMAN_DIR=/u02/database/${ORACLE_SID}/backup/rman;   export RMAN_DIR        
#RMAN_DATA=${RMAN_DIR}/${DATE};                export RMAN_DATA          
#RMAN_LOG=/u02/database/${ORACLE_SID}/backup/rman/log  export RMAN_LOG
RMAN_DIR=/opt/oracle/oradata/backup/rman;     export RMAN_DIR    
RMAN_DATA=${RMAN_DIR}/${DATE};                export RMAN_DATA  
RMAN_LOG=${RMAN_DIR}/log                      export RMAN_LOG  
# Check rman level   
#======================================================================  
if [ "$RMAN_LEVEL" == "F" ];  
then  unset INCR_LVL  
      BACKUP_TYPE=full  
else  
      INCR_LVL="INCREMENTAL LEVEL ${RMAN_LEVEL}"  
      BACKUP_TYPE=lev${RMAN_LEVEL}   
fi  
 
RMAN_FILE=${RMAN_DATA}/${ORACLE_SID}_${BACKUP_TYPE}_${TIMESTAMP};       export RMAN_FILE  
SSH_LOG=${RMAN_LOG}/${ORACLE_SID}_${BACKUP_TYPE}_${TIMESTAMP}.log;      export SSH_LOG  
MAXPIECESIZE=4G;                                                export MAXPIECESIZE  
 
#Check RMAN Backup Path  
#=========================================================================  
 
if ! test -d ${RMAN_DATA}  
then  
mkdir -p ${RMAN_DATA}  
fi  
 
echo "---------------------------------" >>${SSH_LOG}  
echo "   " >>${SSH_LOG}  
echo "Rman Begin  to Working ........." >>${SSH_LOG}  
echo "Begin time at:" `date` --`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` >>${SSH_LOG}  
 
#Startup rman to backup   
#=============================================================================  
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman log=${RMAN_FILE}.log <<EOF  
connect target / 
connect catalog rman/rman
run {  
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS;  
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;  
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;  
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '${RMAN_FILE}_%F';  
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 'ch1' TYPE DISK maxpiecesize=${MAXPIECESIZE};  
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 'ch2' TYPE DISK maxpiecesize=${MAXPIECESIZE};  
set limit channel ch1 readrate=10240;  
set limit channel ch1 kbytes=4096000;  
set limit channel ch2 readrate=10240;  
set limit channel ch2 kbytes=4096000;  
CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL;  
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED ARCHIVELOG ALL;  
BACKUP   
#AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET   
${INCR_LVL}  
DATABASE FORMAT '${RMAN_FILE}_%U' TAG '${ORACLE_SID}_${BACKUP_TYPE}_${TIMESTAMP}';  
SQL 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT';  
BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT '${RMAN_FILE}_arc_%U' TAG '${ORACLE_SID}_arc_${TIMESTAMP}'  
DELETE  INPUT;  
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE;  
RELEASE CHANNEL ch1;  
RELEASE CHANNEL ch2;  
}  
sql "alter database backup controlfile to ''${RMAN_DATA}/cntl_${BACKUP_TYPE}.bak''";  
exit;  
EOF  
RC=$?  
 
cat ${RMAN_FILE}.log >>${SSH_LOG}  
echo "Rman Stop working @ time:"`date` `date +%Y%m%d%H%M` >>${SSH_LOG}
 
echo >>${SSH_LOG}  
echo "------------------------" >>${SSH_LOG}  
echo "------ Disk Space ------" >>${SSH_LOG}  
df -h >>${SSH_LOG}  
 
echo >>${SSH_LOG}  
 
if [ $RC -ne "0" ]; then  
    echo "------ error ------" >>${SSH_LOG}  
else  
    echo "------ no error found during RMAN backup peroid------" >>${SSH_LOG}  
    rm -rf ${RMAN_FILE}.log  
fi  
 
#Remove old backup than 3 days  
#============================================================================  
RMDIR=${RMAN_DIR}/`/bin/date +%Y%m%d -d "3 days ago"`;   export RMDIR
echo >>${SSH_LOG}  
echo -e "------Remove old backup than 3 days ------\n" >>${SSH_LOG}  
 
if test -d ${RMDIR}  
    then  
    rm -rf ${RMDIR}  
    RC=$?  
fi  
 
echo >>${SSH_LOG}  
 
if [ $RC -ne "0" ]; then  
    echo -e "------ Remove old backup exception------ \n" >>${SSH_LOG}  
else  
    echo -e "------ no error found during remove old backup set peroid------ \n" >>${SSH_LOG}  
fi  
 
exit  

[oracle@localhost backup]$ pwd
/opt/oracle/oradata/backup
[oracle@localhost backup]$vi db_bak_rman.sh
将上面脚本复制进去,并保存,且设置权限
[oracle@localhost backup]$ chmod 755 db_bak_rman.sh
测试脚本
orcl 为 SID
0: 代表0级备份
[oracle@localhost backup]$ ./db_bak_rman.sh orcl 0

四、crontab 定时任务 以 oralce用户登录
[oracle@localhost backup]$crontab -e

45 23 * * 0 /opt/oracle/oradata/backup/db_bak_rman.sh orcl 0
45 23 * * 1-3 /opt/oracle/oradata/backup/db_bak_rman.sh orcl 2
45 23 * * 4 /opt/oracle/oradata/backup/db_bak_rman.sh orcl 1
45 23 * * 5-6 /opt/oracle/oradata/backup/db_bak_rman.sh orcl 2
以root用户登录
[root@localhost backup]$/etc/init.d/crond restart
Stopping crond:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting crond:                                            [  OK  ]


脚本的增量备份策略: 周日0级备份,周四1级备份,其他2级备份
差异备份有3个级别:
0级:相当于全备,不同的是0级可用于增量备份,全备不行。
1级:备份自上次0级备份以来的数据
2级:备份自上次备份依赖的数据

posted on 2012-10-28 22:37 gdufo 阅读(839) 评论(0)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: Database (oracle, sqlser,MYSQL)

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