几篇关于通过hard performance counter来监控程序（ipc, page faults, cache misses)：
perf: https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Tutorial
perf: linux内核abi: http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver/projects/perf_events/perf_event_open.html
perf: perf stat的一个新曾参数支持周期性的打印出counter内容: https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/2004891/
有关performance hardware counter的虚拟化: http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver/projects/perf_events/virtualization.html
另一个有关performance profiling的常用工具 PAPI: http://icl.cs.utk.edu/projects/papi/wiki/Main_Page