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such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副
词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。

so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]

so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people

so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换也是so与such之间的转换。



so和such的用法小结


在初中英语课本和各省市的英语中考试题中,so和such两个词出现的频率极高。这两个词的用法和区别正是学生学习上的重点和难点。下面将二者的用法小结如下,供老师们参考。
一、so的常见用法
1.当so作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,表示程度,意为“这么”、“那么”。如:
Don’ t be so silly.
别那么傻。
He ran so fast.
他跑得那么快。
2.如果so后无形容词,则so不能与名词连用。如:
I’ ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child).
我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩。
切不可以说"He is so a child.”
但是,so little,so much可与不可数名词连用,so few,so many可与复数名词连用。如:
Tom ate so much food a meal.
汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物。
There’ re so few people in the hall.
大厅里的人很少。
3.So…that 意为“如此……以至于……”,是一个常见句型,也是中考常考的句型。如:
Jane’ s leg was so painful that she couldn’ t move at all.
简的腿那么疼,以至于根本动不了。
该句型还可以转换成“So + adj.+ a/an+名词”结构。如:
Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.
麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他。
so that意为“以便”、“为的是”,引导目的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓语)如:
They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.
他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品,以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的。
so that从句还可表示结果,意为“因此”, 如:
His pen is missing,so that he hasn’ t done his homework.
他的笔不见了,因此他无法完成作业。
4.so与动词say,tell,think,believe,suppose等连用,可以替代一个意义完整的宾语从句。如:
Is she a top student in her class? Yes,I think so.
她是她们班最好的学生吗? 是的,我想是这样。
so与动词do连用,意为“这样做”,以避免重复前面的有关内容。而if so意为“如果是这样”。如:
He did so in order to help her.
他这样做是为了帮助她。
Are you a student? If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please?
你是学生吗? 如果是,请问你叫什么名字?
5.“So + be/其他助动词/情态动词 + 主语”是倒装结构,意为“同样”、“也”。这一结构在中考试题中也经常出现。如:
—I usually go to bed at night.
—So do I.
—我通常晚上睡觉。
—我也是。
6.so作连词,表示结果,意为“所以”、“因此”。如:
—How do you like this shirt?
—It’ s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much.
—你喜欢这件衬衣吗?
—它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜欢。
7.“not so +adj./adv.(原级)+as"是一个常见的比较级句型,也是中考常考的句型,意思是“不如”、“不及”。如:
The man doesn’ t work so hard as me.
这个人工作不如我努力。
二、such的常见用法
1.such是限定词,常和名词连用,意为“如此的”、“这样的”。如:
She is such a kind woman.
她是一个如此善良的女人。
Grandpa often told us such funny stories.
爷爷常给我们讲这么有趣的故事。
Don't go out in such bad weather.
天气这么糟,不要出去了。
2.such as/such…as与such…that的意义和用法均不相同。such as/such…as意为“比如”、“例如”,相当于for example,引出同位语;而such…that意为“如此……以至于”,引导结果状语从句。试比较以下两句。
People such as him(=Such people as him) 1ike to stay home on weekends.
像他那样的人喜欢周末呆在家里。
He spoke in such a low voice that the other two couldn’t hear.
他说话的声音很低,另外两人听不见。
三、so…that,such…that与enough to及too…to结构的互换,常出现在句型转换或改写句子的练习或考题中。
当句子具有肯定意义时,so…that或 such…that结构可转换或改写成enough to 结构,而意思保持不变。如:
Jack is so old that he can join the army.
(=Jack is so old a boy that join the army.)
Jack is such an old boy that he can join the army.
Jack is old enough to join the army.
当句子具有否定意义时,so…that或such… that结构可转换或改写成具有否定意义的 too…to结构。如:
The 1ady is so weak that she can’t go any further.( =She is so weak a 1ady that she can’ t go any further.)
She is such a weak lady that she can’ t go any further.
The lady is too weak to go any further.
posted on 2007-05-12 12:27 Coundy 阅读(702) 评论(0)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: English

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