Posted on 2009-12-02 21:16 
TonyZhangtl 阅读(251) 
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		XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,平台的无关性使得很多场合都需要用到XML。本文将详细介绍用Java解析XML的四种方法。
 
XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关
性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有
DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API
for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language
Transformations),具体可参阅w3c官方网站文档http://www.w3.org获取更多信息。
XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX,另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下: 
    
        
            
            <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
            <employees>  
            <employee>  
            <name>ddviplinux</name>  
            <sex>m</sex>  
            <age>30</age>  
            </employee>  
            </employees> 
             | 
        
    
本文使用JAVA语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档生成与解析。 
首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。
    
        
            
            package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;  
            /**  
            *  
            * @author hongliang.dinghl  
            * 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口  
            */  
            public interface XmlDocument {  
            /**  
            * 建立XML文档  
            * @param fileName 文件全路径名称  
            */  
            public void createXml(String fileName);  
            /**  
            * 解析XML文档  
            * @param fileName 文件全路径名称  
            */  
            public void parserXml(String fileName);  
            } 
             | 
        
    
1.DOM生成和解析XML文档
为
XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档,然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构,然后代码就可以使用 DOM
接口来操作这个树结构。优点:整个文档树在内存中,便于操作;支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能;缺点:将整个文档调入内存(包括无用的节点),浪费时
间和空间;使用场合:一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据;硬件资源充足(内存、CPU)。 
 
 
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 
import java.io.FileOutputStream; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import java.io.PrintWriter; 
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; 
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; 
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys; 
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; 
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; 
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; 
import org.w3c.dom.Document; 
import org.w3c.dom.Element; 
import org.w3c.dom.Node; 
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; 
import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
/** 
* 
* @author hongliang.dinghl 
* DOM生成与解析XML文档 
*/ 
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument { 
private Document document; 
private String fileName; 
public void init() { 
try { 
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory 
.newInstance(); 
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); 
this.document = builder.newDocument(); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
public void createXml(String fileName) { 
Element root = this.document.createElement("employees"); 
this.document.appendChild(root); 
Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee"); 
Element name = this.document.createElement("name"); 
name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮")); 
employee.appendChild(name); 
Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex"); 
sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m")); 
employee.appendChild(sex); 
Element age = this.document.createElement("age"); 
age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30")); 
employee.appendChild(age); 
root.appendChild(employee); 
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); 
try { 
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer(); 
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document); 
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312"); 
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes"); 
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName)); 
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw); 
transformer.transform(source, result); 
System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!"); 
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (TransformerException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
public void parserXml(String fileName) { 
try { 
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); 
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); 
Document document = db.parse(fileName); 
NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes(); 
for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) { 
Node employee = employees.item(i); 
NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes(); 
for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) { 
Node node = employeeInfo.item(j); 
NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes(); 
for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) { 
System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName() 
+ ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent()); 
} 
} 
} 
System.out.println("解析完毕"); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (SAXException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (IOException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
}
 
 
 
 
2.SAX生成和解析XML文档
为
解决DOM的问题,出现了SAX。SAX
,事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时,发送事件,程序员编写响应这些事件的代码,保存数据。优点:不用事先调入整个
文档,占用资源少;SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小,适于Applet,下载。缺点:不是持久的;事件过后,若没保存数据,那么数据就丢了;无状态
性;从事件中只能得到文本,但不知该文本属于哪个元素;使用场合:Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容,很少回头访问;机器内存少;
Java代码
 
 
 
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
import java.io.FileInputStream;    
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;    
import java.io.IOException;    
import java.io.InputStream;    
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;    
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;    
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;    
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;    
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;    
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;    
/**  
*    
* @author hongliang.dinghl  
* SAX文档解析  
*/  
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {    
public void createXml(String fileName) {    
System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>");    
}    
public void parserXml(String fileName) {    
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();    
try {    
SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();    
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);    
saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());    
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {    
e.printStackTrace();    
} catch (SAXException e) {    
e.printStackTrace();    
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {    
e.printStackTrace();    
} catch (IOException e) {    
e.printStackTrace();    
}    
}    
}    
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {    
boolean hasAttribute = false;    
Attributes attributes = null;    
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {    
System.out.println("文档开始打印了");    
}    
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {    
System.out.println("文档打印结束了");    
}    
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,    
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {    
if (qName.equals("employees")) {    
return;    
}    
if (qName.equals("employee")) {    
System.out.println(qName);    
}    
if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {    
this.attributes = attributes;    
this.hasAttribute = true;    
}    
}    
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)    
throws SAXException {    
if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {    
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {    
System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)    
+ attributes.getValue(0));    
}    
}    
}    
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)    
throws SAXException {    
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));    
}    
}  
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; 
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; 
import org.xml.sax.Attributes; 
import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; 
/** 
* 
* @author hongliang.dinghl 
* SAX文档解析 
*/ 
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument { 
public void createXml(String fileName) { 
System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>"); 
} 
public void parserXml(String fileName) { 
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); 
try { 
SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser(); 
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName); 
saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler()); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (SAXException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (IOException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} 
} 
} 
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler { 
boolean hasAttribute = false; 
Attributes attributes = null; 
public void startDocument() throws SAXException { 
System.out.println("文档开始打印了"); 
} 
public void endDocument() throws SAXException { 
System.out.println("文档打印结束了"); 
} 
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, 
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { 
if (qName.equals("employees")) { 
return; 
} 
if (qName.equals("employee")) { 
System.out.println(qName); 
} 
if (attributes.getLength() > 0) { 
this.attributes = attributes; 
this.hasAttribute = true; 
} 
} 
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) 
throws SAXException { 
if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) { 
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { 
System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0) 
+ attributes.getValue(0)); 
} 
} 
} 
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) 
throws SAXException { 
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length)); 
} 
}
 
 
 
 
 
3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文档
DOM4J
是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML
API,具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点,同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用
DOM4J 来读写 XML,特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。
Java代码
 
 
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
import java.io.File;    
import java.io.FileWriter;    
import java.io.IOException;    
import java.io.Writer;    
import java.util.Iterator;    
import org.dom4j.Document;    
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;    
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;    
import org.dom4j.Element;    
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;    
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;    
/**  
*    
* @author hongliang.dinghl  
* Dom4j 生成XML文档与解析XML文档  
*/  
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {    
public void createXml(String fileName) {    
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();    
Element employees=document.addElement("employees");    
Element employee=employees.addElement("employee");    
Element name= employee.addElement("name");    
name.setText("ddvip");    
Element sex=employee.addElement("sex");    
sex.setText("m");    
Element age=employee.addElement("age");    
age.setText("29");    
try {    
Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);    
XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);    
xmlWriter.write(document);    
xmlWriter.close();    
} catch (IOException e) {    
System.out.println(e.getMessage());    
}    
}    
public void parserXml(String fileName) {    
File inputXml=new File(fileName);    
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();    
try {    
Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);    
Element employees=document.getRootElement();    
for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){    
Element employee = (Element) i.next();    
for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){    
Element node=(Element) j.next();    
System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());    
}    
}    
} catch (DocumentException e) {    
System.out.println(e.getMessage());    
}    
System.out.println("dom4j parserXml");    
}   
}  
 
 
 
 
 
4.JDOM生成和解析XML  
为减少DOM、SAX的编码量,出现了JDOM;优点:20-80原则,极大减少了代码量。使用场合:要实现的功能简单,如解析、创建等,但在底层,JDOM还是使用SAX(最常用)、DOM、Xanan文档。
 
 
    
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;    
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;    
import java.io.FileOutputStream;    
import java.io.IOException;    
import java.util.List;    
import org.jdom.Document;    
import org.jdom.Element;