NewMoring

第一章：日志管理
1.forcing log switches
sql> alter system switch logfile;
2.forcing checkpoints
sql> alter system checkpoint;
3.adding _disibledevent=
b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(oradb.ora,c:\oracle\oradb\log);
c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log,
   sql> dbms_logmnr.new);
d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log,
   sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);
e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora);
f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters
   sql> v$logmnr_logs);
g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;

第二章：表空间管理
1.create tablespaces
sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile c:\oracle\oradata\file1.dbf size 100m,
sql> c:\oracle\oradata\file2.dbf size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging]
sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)
sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause]
2.locally managed tablespace
sql> create tablespace user_data datafile c:\oracle\oradata\user_data01.dbf
sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;
3.temporary tablespace
sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile c:\oracle\oradata\temp01.dbf
sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;
4.change the storage setting
sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;
sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);
5.taking tablespace offline or _disibledevent= (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size
  pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space)
5.change storage and block utilization parameter
sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k
sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100);
6.manually allocating extents
sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile c:/oracle/data.dbf);
7.move tablespace
sql> alter table employee move tablespace users;
8.deallocate of unused space
sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer]
9.truncate a table
sql> truncate table table_name;
10.drop a table
sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints];
11.drop a column
sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;
     alter table table_name drop columns continue;
12.mark a column as unused
sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints;
     alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;
     alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000
     data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs

第四章：索引
1.creating function-based indexes
sql> create index summit.item_quantity _disibledevent=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows
4.creating reverse key indexes
sql> create unique index xay_id _disibledevent= immediate/deferred/default;
     set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;
2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints
   sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints
3. define constraints while create a table
sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable
sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx);
     primary key/unique/references table(column)/check
    4.enable constraints
sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id;
5.enable constraints
sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;

第六章：LOAD数据
1.loading data using direct_load insert
sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging
sql> select * from emp_old;
2.parallel direct-load insert
sql> alter session enable parallel dml;
sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging
sql> select * from emp_old;
3.using sql*loader
sql> sqlldr scott/tiger \
sql> control = ulcase6.ctl \
sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true

第七章：reorganizing data
1.using expoty
$exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:\emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y
2.using import
$imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y
3.transporting a tablespace
sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read _disibledevent=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts
triggers=n constraints=n
$copy datafile
$imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2
/sles02.dbf)
sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write;
4.checking transport set
sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>sales_ts ..,incl_constraints=>true);
在表transport_set_violations 中查看
sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含

第八章： managing password security and resources
1.controlling account lock and password
sql> alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock;
    
    2.user_provided password function
sql> function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30),
     old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean
3.create a profile : password setting
sql> create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3
sql> password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30
sql>password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function
sql> password_grace_time 5;
4.altering a profile
sql> alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3
sql> password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10;
5.drop a profile
sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade];
6.create a profile : resource limit
sql> create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2
sql> CPU_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;
7. view => resource_cost : alter resource cost
dba_Users,dba_profiles
8. enable resource limits
sql> alter system set resource_limit=true;

第九章：Managing users
1.create a user: database authentication
sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users
sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m _disibledevent=> system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs
2.grant system privilege
sql> grant create session,create table to managers;
sql> grant create session to scott with admin option;
with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role;
3.sysdba and sysoper privileges:
sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile,
alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database
alter database archivelog,restricted session
sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until
4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users
5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema
6.revoke system privilege
sql> revoke create table from karen;
sql> revoke create session from scott;
7.grant object privilege
sql> grant execute _disibledevent=> dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs
9.revoke object privilege
sql> revoke execute _disibledevent=> sys.aud$
11. protecting the audit trail
sql> audit delete _disibledevent=> all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,
dba_obj_audit_opts
16.view audit result: view=> dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,
dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement

第十一章： manager role
1.create roles
sql> create role sales_clerk;
sql> create role hr_clerk identified by bonus;
sql> create role hr_manager identified externally;
2.modify role
sql> alter role sales_clerk identified by commission;
sql> alter role hr_clerk identified externally;
sql> alter role hr_manager not identified;
3.assigning roles
sql> grant sales_clerk to scott;
sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager;
sql> grant hr_manager to scott with admin option;
4.establish default role
sql> alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk;
sql> alter user scott default role all;
sql> alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk;
sql> alter user scott default role none;
5.enable and disable roles
sql> set role hr_clerk;
sql> set role sales_clerk identified by commission;
sql> set role all except sales_clerk;
sql> set role none;
6.remove role from user
sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott;
sql> revoke hr_manager from public;
7.remove role
sql> drop role hr_manager;
8.display role information
view: =>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,
role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles

第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY
1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat
2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size
3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback
> v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions
4.perform a closed database backup (noarchivelog)
> shutdown immediate
> cp files /backup/
> startup
5.restore to a different location
> connect system/manager as sysdba
> startup mount
> alter database rename file /disk1/../user.dbfto /disk2/../user.dbf;
> alter database open;
6.recover syntax
--recover a mounted database
>recover database;
>recover datafile /disk1/data/df2.dbf;
>alter database recover database;
--recover an opened database
>recover tablespace user_data;
>recover datafile 2;
>alter database recover datafile 2;
7.how to apply redo log files automatically
>set autorecovery on
>recover automatic datafile 4;
8.complete recovery:
--method 1(mounted databae)
>copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf
>startup mount
>recover datafile c:\oradata\user.dbf;
>alter database open;
--method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile)
>copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf (alter tablespace offline)
>recover datafile c:\oradata\user.dbf or
>recover tablespace user_data;
>alter database datafile c:\oradata\user.dbf online or
>alter tablespace user_data online;
--method 3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback datafile)
>startup mount
>alter database datafile c:\oradata\user.dbf offline;
>alter database open
>copy c:\backup\user.dbf d:\oradata\user.dbf
>alter database rename file c:\oradata\user.dbfto d:\oradata\user.dbf
>recover datafile e:\oradata\user.dbf or recover tablespace user_data;
>alter tablespace user_data online;
--method 4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log)
>alter tablespace user_data offline immediate;
>alter database create datafile d:\oradata\user.dbfas c:\oradata\user.dbf
>recover tablespace user_data;
>alter tablespace user_data online
9.perform an open database backup
> alter tablespace user_data begin backup;
> copy files /backup/
> alter database datafile /c:/../data.dbf end backup;
> alter system switch logfile;
10.backup a control file
> alter database backup controlfile to control1.bkp;
> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
11.recovery (noarchivelog mode)
> shutdown abort
> cp files
> startup
12.recovery of file in backup mode
>alter database datafile 2 end backup;
13.clearing redo log file
>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 unrecoverable datafile;
14.redo log recovery
>alter database add logfile group 3 c:\oradata\redo03.logsize 1000k;
>alter database drop logfile group 1;
>alter database open;
or >cp c:\oradata\redo02.log c:\oradata\redo01.log
>alter database clear logfile c:\oradata\log01.log;