(By the way, Adobe, can you please implement that little feature that Microsoft Office has had for years known as “auto save”? I don’t know how many times I’ve managed to completely max out Windows designing a web site and have had Photoshop fall over dead and disappear off my screen, only to find out that when I open Photoshop up again that the entire thing saved jack-all, all of those layers and documents gone poof into the void of darkness… if Microsoft can do it, why can’t you?)

Sometimes this happens even when you have a lot of system memory (RAM) still available. For instance, open up Internet Explorer and hold Ctrl+N to open up as many Internet Explorer windows as you can before menus, icons, and menus start displaying incorrectly, disappear, buttons aren’t clickable, etc. Close a few out and check your Windows Task Manager in the “Performance” tab, I bet you will find that a lot of your Physical Memory is still available.

This publication applies to:

    * Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional
    * Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
    * Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server
    * Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
    * Microsoft Windows XP Professional
    * Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
    * Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition
    * Microsoft Windows XP Tablet PC Edition

DISCLAIMER: mikedopp.com and mikedopp hold no responsibility or liability whatsoever should something go wrong, or if you incorrectly modify the Windows Registry. Please take extreme caution while following this publication and follow the steps correctly.

“Okie-dokie, if I have all of this memory still available, why is Windows saying I’m out of memory and out of system resources!?”

Simple. You have hit the “user handle” or “GDI handle” limit in Windows. This limit is there for two reasons:

    * Leaky applications or faulty code & malware can’t easily crash the system by attempting to overflow the system with GDI handles, making everything un-usable until a reboot is performed.
    * To prevent a user from opening up more applications than the system can handle.

If you have 1 gigabyte (or 1024MB) of RAM or higher, the default User Handle and GDI Handle limits can be pretty restrictive when running a large working set of applications that demand the most from your system and tax it heavily.

“Do you feel my pain?”

Yes, of course. Otherwise, I wouldn’t be writing this article that is more than likely a good 2 or 3 pages in length.

I’m a designer and coder, I use Adobe Photoshop with a lot of documents opened up - on top of that, I usually listen to music while working as it helps me work better, so Windows Media Player 10 is usually open on my machine. Also opened are Windows Messenger, Microsoft Office Outlook 2003, SmartFTP (one of the best FTP clients I’ve ever used, highly recommended), Microsoft Word, a few dozen Internet Explorer windows, some Mozilla Firefox windows with a few tabs opened in each one, and EditPlus 2 for coding.

That’s a pretty heavy working set of applications, and I demand the most out of my computer when it comes to multitasking (I have a Pentium 4 2.66GHz, with 1.5GB of RAM just for those who are wondering).

I too have nailed these handle limits - more than once. After much searching and pondering I have finally come up with a working solution around this issue (hurray!)

“Yeah yeah, stop rambling and cut to the chase!”

First and foremost, I must warn you that modifying these settings incorrectly can render your Windows installation near useless. Also, depending on your computer configuration and the amount of RAM in your system, you may wish to play around with the numbers until you find a setting that is perfect for your computer.

To back up everything, open the Registry Editor (click on Start, Run, and then type “regedit.exe” (without the quotes).

To backup a registry key:

    * In the Registry Editor on the left hand side, you will see the navigation pane. Using your mouse or keyboard, navigate to the following subkeys:

    * HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\SubSystems 
    * HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows 
    * Right click on each of the subkeys above in the left hand pane and from the context menu that appears, choose the “Export” option. Save the exported registry data file where ever you wish, but make sure that it will be accessible should we need to restore the files.

“OK, I’ve backed everything up! Now what!?”

Don’t quit the Registry Editor just yet - we still need to make some modifications in order to increase the handle limits in Windows.

With the Registry Editor opened, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\SubSystems. You will notice a set of “REG_MULTI_SZ” and “REG_EXPAND_SZ” keys in the right hand pane. The one that we are interested in modifying is called “Windows”.

To modify the key, double click on it. It should look something like this:

    %SystemRoot%\system32\csrss.exe ObjectDirectory=\Windows SharedSection=1024,3072,512 Windows=On SubSystemType=Windows ServerDll=basesrv,1 ServerDll=winsrv:UserServerDllInitialization,3 ServerDll=winsrv:ConServerDllInitialization,2 ProfileControl=Off MaxRequestThreads=16

The section of this string we are interested in modifting is “SharedSection”.

In the SharedSection part of the string you will notice 3 numbers. What we are interested in is the middle value, “3072?. Modify this value so that the middle number is “8192?.

It should look something like this after modifying the value:

    %SystemRoot%\system32\csrss.exe ObjectDirectory=\Windows SharedSection=1024,8192,512 Windows=On SubSystemType=Windows ServerDll=basesrv,1 ServerDll=winsrv:UserServerDllInitialization,3 ServerDll=winsrv:ConServerDllInitialization,2 ProfileControl=Off MaxRequestThreads=16

Now that we’ve changed this, lets continue, shall we?

In the left hand pane of the Registry Editor, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows. In the right hand side, you will see two REG_DWORD values, named “GDIProcessHandleQuota” and “USERProcessHandleQuota”. We will need to modify both of these.

The first key we will want to modify is “GDIProcessHandleQuota”. This keys value can be set between 256 and 16,384 (maximum), and the default value is 10,000. I’d recommend using 15,000 as a value for this key, however if you are doing a lot of multitasking, shoot for the stars and go with 16,384.

This key can not be set past 16,384 as it is the maximum acceptable value.

Now, lets modify “USERProcessHandleQuota”. This keys value can be set between 200 and 18,000 (maximum), with a default value of 10,000. I’d recommend increasing this value to the same number used with “GDIProcessHandleQuota”, however as previously mentioned if you are working with a hefty application workload, shoot for the stars and go wth the maximum value of 18,000.

This key can not be set past 18,000 as it is the maximum acceptable value.

Do NOT attempt to increase these values past the maximum - Windows will become very unstable and may even stop working correctly. If Windows starts acting up after changing these values, lower them until the issues are resolved, or restore the backups of these keys’ values that we created before making modifications.

Now that you’ve changed these values, restart your computer and tax the system using the Internet Explorer trick mentioned previously - open Internet Explorer and hold down Ctrl+N on your keyboard to open up new Internet Explorer windows. Continue this until menus, buttons, and user interface elements stop working correctly. Also, open any applications you run day-to-day while you are performing this, so that you can get more of an idea if you have everything configured correctly.

You may also want to monitor your memory usage and handles information in Task Manager to see whether or not the above registry values need any more modifications.

I hope this helps with any multi-tasking issues you may have run into while running Microsoft Windows, now get back to work!

    development:
  adapter: mysql
  database: test
  username: root
  password: root
  host: localhost

# Warning: The database defined as 'test' will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run 'rake'.
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  adapter: mysql
  database: cookbook_test
  username: root
  password: root
  host: localhost

production:
  adapter: mysql
  database: cookbook_production
  username: root
  password: root
  host: localhost
2:创建一个migration脚本
  d:\cookbokk>ruby script/generate migration build_db
  打开db/migrate/001_build_db.rb
  修改如下:

  class BuildDb < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def self.up
    create_table :languages,:force=>true do |t|
                      t.column :name,:string
                      t.column :description,:string
    end
  end

  def self.down
    drop_table :languages
  end
end

3:执行d:\cookbook> rake db:migrate
  这时你的数据库表应该创建了

5)有两种方式创建scaffolding
 <第一种方式>
  1)ruby script/generate model language
  2)ruby script/generate controller language
  3)修改这个文件为如下内容app/controllers/language_controller.rb:

    class LanguageController < ApplicationController
    scaffold :languages
    end

4)启动服务器ruby script/server
5)访问http://localhost:3000/languages

<第二种方式>
1)ruby script/generate scaffold language

2) 启动服务器ruby script/server
3)访问http://localhost:3000/languages

Steps to implement a myfaces-tiles application:

• substituting any extension by ".tiles"
• appending ".tiles" if path-mapping is used

<beans default-autowire="autodetect"> <!--记注一定要加上-->
  <bean id="userManager" singleton="true" class="helloWorld.UserManager"/>
</beans>
第四步:在修改我原来的例子
HelloWorldAction.java
为
package helloWorld;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.ActionSupport;
public class HelloWorldAction extends ActionSupport{

    String greeting;
    UserManager userManager;
    public void setGreeting(String greeting) {
        this.greeting = greeting;
    }

    public String getGreeting() {
        return greeting;
    }
    public UserManager getUserManager() {
  return userManager;
 }

 public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
  this.userManager = userManager;
 }

 public String execute() throws Exception {
  userManager.sayHello();
  System.out.println("after userManager.sayHello()");
        if (greeting.equals("") || greeting == null) {
            addFieldError("greeting", getText("greeting"));
            return ERROR;
        }
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}
而UserManager.java类如下
package helloWorld;
public class UserManager {
 public UserManager()
 {
  System.out.println("create instance of UserManger");
 }
 public void sayHello()
 {
  System.out.println("hello zjh");
 }
}
再访问http://localhost:8080/WebWork/index.jsp提交后在tomcat console窗口打印出
hello zjh
after userManager.sayHello()

 /** Default prefix for building a config location for a namespace */
 public static final String DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_PREFIX = "/WEB-INF/";

 /** Default suffix for building a config location for a namespace */
 public static final String DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_SUFFIX = ".xml";


Once the context files are loaded, Spring creates a WebApplicationContext object based on the bean definitions and puts it into the ServletContext.
这样我们就可以直接用ServletContext获取自己想要的参数的，，

All Java web frameworks are built on top of the Servlet API, so you can use the following code to get the ApplicationContext that Spring created.

WebApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

通过WebApplicationContext我们就可以通过bean的名字获取它的实例了
The WebApplicationContextUtils class is for convenience, so you don't have to remember the name of the ServletContext attribute. Its getWebApplicationContext() method will return null if an object doesn't exist under the WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE key. Rather than risk getting NullPointerExceptions in your application, it's better to use the getRequiredWebApplicationContext() method. This method throws an Exception when the ApplicationContext is missing.

Once you have a reference to the WebApplicationContext, you can retrieve beans by their name or type. Most developers retrieve beans by name, then cast them to one of their implemented interfaces.

Fortunately, most of the frameworks in this section have simpler ways of looking up beans. Not only do they make it easy to get beans from the BeanFactory, but they also allow you to use dependency injection on their controllers. Each framework section has more detail on its specific integration strategies.

http://wiki.javascud.org/display/ww2cndoc/Home

在线文档

http://www.opensymphony.com/webwork/wikidocs

与 struts 的区别有实现国级化的时候， struts 的 message 只能出现 5 个动态的值

也就像下面的信息

Your {0} ticket(s) for flight {1} have been booked.

The total cost is {2}. Your confirmation number is {3}.

Your flight leaves at {4} and arrives at {5}

需要分成两段才能完成

<bean:message key="confirmation.msg1"

arg0="count" arg1="flightNumber" arg2="cost"/>

<bean:message key="confirmation.msg2"

arg0="confirmation" arg1="departure" arg2="arrival"/>

而 webwork 是无限制的，像上面的可以写成这样子

<ww:text name="confirmation.msg">

<ww:param value="count"/>

<ww:param value="flightNumber"/>

<ww:param value="cost"/>

<ww:param value="confirmation"/>

<ww:param value="departure"/>

<ww:param value="arrival"/>

</ww:text>

还有在web.xml里同指定webwork的tld所在位置

<taglib>

<taglib-uri>webwork</taglib-uri>

<taglib-location>
/WEB-INF/lib/webwork-2.1.7.jar

</taglib-location>