﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>BlogJava-呆呆向前冲的blog-文章分类-工作：RUP/UML/OOAD</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/category/2388.html</link><description /><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Fri, 02 Mar 2007 07:19:42 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Fri, 02 Mar 2007 07:19:42 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>类之间的四种关系</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/9236.html</link><dc:creator>呆呆向前冲的blog</dc:creator><author>呆呆向前冲的blog</author><pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 2005 07:24:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/9236.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/comments/9236.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/9236.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/comments/commentRss/9236.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/services/trackbacks/9236.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[1.关联<BR>2.依赖<BR>3.聚集<BR>4.泛化<BR><BR><BR><img src ="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/aggbug/9236.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/" target="_blank">呆呆向前冲的blog</a> 2005-08-04 15:24 <a href="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/9236.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>什么是业务对象(Business Object)  </title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/8786.html</link><dc:creator>呆呆向前冲的blog</dc:creator><author>呆呆向前冲的blog</author><pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2005 08:33:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/8786.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/comments/8786.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/8786.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/comments/commentRss/8786.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/services/trackbacks/8786.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<BR>一.业务对象就是简单的真实世界的软件抽象.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;二.业务对象的必要条件:<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.由状态和行为组成<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.表达了来自业务域的一个人,地点,事物或概念<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.可以重用<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;三.业务对象的分类<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.实体业务对象:<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表达了一个人,地点,事物或者概念.根据业务中的名词从业务域中提取的.如客户,订单,物品.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在EJB应用程序中,一般为实体Bean.在传统的web应用程序中,可能是包含业务应用的状态和行为的普通<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;javabean.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.过程业务对象:<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表达应用程序中业务处理过程或者工作流程任务.通常依赖于实体业务对象,是业务的动词.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在EJB应用程序中,通常是模型的会话bean,或者消息驱动bean.在非EJB应用中,可能是javabean,包含<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;特定的行为,作为应用程序的管理者或者控制者.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.事件业务对象:<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表达应用程序中由于系统的一些操作造成或产生的一些事件.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><img src ="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/aggbug/8786.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/" target="_blank">呆呆向前冲的blog</a> 2005-07-30 16:33 <a href="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/8786.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>《基于RUP的J2EE开发》1</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/8531.html</link><dc:creator>呆呆向前冲的blog</dc:creator><author>呆呆向前冲的blog</author><pubDate>Wed, 27 Jul 2005 03:31:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/8531.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/comments/8531.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/8531.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/comments/commentRss/8531.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/services/trackbacks/8531.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需求</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．定义系统：初步定义系统中应该包括哪些内容，以及不包括哪些内容。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目标－确定系统的范围</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">活动：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）捕获通用词汇：确立项目中要使用的通用术语和概念。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">输入工件：前景文档</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">输出工件：词汇表</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通用术语指的是那些在描述系统行为过程中经常会出现的词汇。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）找出参与者和用例：定义系统的边界</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综述：识别出参与者和用例，将结果记录在用例模型中。对于不能与特定用例相关</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 73.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 7.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联的需求内容记录在补充规约中。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">输出工件：用例模型、补充规约</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">步骤：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）找出参与者</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参与者是在系统外部与系统交互的某人或者某系统。找出参与者有助于定义系</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">统的边界。它们代表系统的外部环境。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）找出用例</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用例是一个完整的事件流描述，为特定的参与者提供一个有价值的结果。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 63pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">找出用例的最好办法就是研究每一个参与者针对系统的要求。系统之所以存在</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 63pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意义就在于为那些与其交互的参与者提供他们需要的服务。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下的一系列问题有助于找出用例：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">· 针对每一个参与者，系统将参与完成哪些任务<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">· 参与者是否需要获知系统内部所发生的特定情况。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">· 参与者是否需要将外部变化通知系统<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">· 找出的用例是否能够提供前景中所描述的全部特性。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">· 在系统中必须要修改和建立什么信息。哪些参与者需要参与到相应的变更<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 78.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 7.5"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">活动中。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">· 什么用例会支持系统的管理和维护工作。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注：现在不用描述用例的细节内容。现在的主要任务是定义这些用例的目的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）收集补充需求<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有些需求并不能分配给特定的用例，这些需求是针对整个系统的。将这些</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需求记录在补充规约当中。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）描述参与者和用例的交互</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它们之间的关系被表述为关联关系。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）对用例和参与者打包</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用例模型的目的是开发团队与系统涉众之间的一个合约。因而将该模型的</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 63pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">复杂度控制在最低限度是非常重要的。如果参与者和用例的个数过多，<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">可以将</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 63.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它们放到用例模型的不同包当中。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）排序用例</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">活动：对已识别出的用例进行排序</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">输入工件：用例模型、前景文档</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">输出工件：用例优先级列表。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">步骤：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 78pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 78.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">（1）<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">排序用例</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 78pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 78.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">（2）<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">更新软件架构文档</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．精化系统定义</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">活动：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1）<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">细化用例</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综述：针对先前找出的用例，描述相应的事件流内容。不针对特定用例的需求内容被记录在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">补充规约</B>中。在当前的迭代中，针对每个用例展开细化用例的活动。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个活动的起点事在找出参与者和用例活动中得到的用例的描述，而后逐步细化相关内容，直到所有涉众都认可用例的内容已经能够表达他们的需求。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在细化用例的时候，我们要说明以下信息：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·名称<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·简要描述：用例的目标和用途<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·事件流：针对系统行为的文字描述。其内容表述为参与者和系统之间的交互。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·特殊需求：针对那些不在事件流中的需求内容的文字描述。就是针对用例的非功<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">能需求。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·前置条件：为了执行特定用例，系统所应具备的状态<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·后置条件：用例执行结束时，系统可能处于的状态列表。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">注：将用例的详细文字描述放在用例规约文档中。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">步骤：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）细化用例的事件流内容<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）描述用例的特殊需求<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）描述用例的前置条件<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>）描述用例的后置条件</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2）<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结构化用例模型</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综述：消除用例之间的冗余，使得用例模型更加简明。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P><img src ="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/aggbug/8531.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/" target="_blank">呆呆向前冲的blog</a> 2005-07-27 11:31 <a href="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/8531.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>一些UML知识的复习</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/7120.html</link><dc:creator>呆呆向前冲的blog</dc:creator><author>呆呆向前冲的blog</author><pubDate>Tue, 05 Jul 2005 02:44:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/7120.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/comments/7120.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/7120.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/comments/commentRss/7120.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/services/trackbacks/7120.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[一、类之间的关系<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1。关联：类之间在概念上有连接关系<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;关联上的约束：关联的规则<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;关联类：关联可以有自己的属性和操作<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;多重性：关联关系的多重对应关系<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表示法：一条直线，两端注明角色名和多重性。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2。继承：<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表示法：带空心三角形箭头的连线<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3。依赖：一个类使用了另一个类<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;例如System类中有个操作是displayForm(Form f),这样System类和Form类之间就存在这依赖关系<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表示法：带箭头的虚线<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4。聚集：一个类有时是由几个部分类组成的。这种特殊关系称为聚集<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;部分类和由他们组成的类之间是一种整体－部分关联。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表示法－带空心菱形箭头的连线。箭头指向整体<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;聚集上的约束：部分体之间的or关系。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5。组成：强类型的聚集<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表示法－带实心菱形箭头的连线。箭头指向整体<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6。接口和实现<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;表示法－带空心三角形箭头的虚线<BR><BR><BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><img src ="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/aggbug/7120.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/" target="_blank">呆呆向前冲的blog</a> 2005-07-05 10:44 <a href="http://www.blogjava.net/runforever/articles/7120.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item></channel></rss>