jBPM is an embeddable BPM engine, which means that you can take jBPM and embed it into your own java project, rather then installing a separate product and integrate with it. One of the key aspects that make this possible is minimizing the dependencies. This chapter discusses the jbpm libraries and their dependencies.

   jBPM是一个嵌入式的BPM（业务程序管理）引擎。本章讨论jbpm库和它的依赖库。

5.1. Java runtime environment

jBPM 3 requires J2SE 1.4.2+

5.2. jBPM libraries

jbpm-[version].jar is the library with the core jbpm functionality.是jbpm的核心功能库。

jbpm-identity-[version].jar is the (optional) library containing an identity component as described in Section 11.11, “The identity component”.

可选的，这个库包含了身份验证组件。用于流程的参与者的管理。

5.3. Third party libraries第三方库

In a minimal deployment, you can create and run processes with jBPM by putting only the commons-logging and dom4j library in your classpath. Beware that persisting processes to a database is not supported. The dom4j library can be removed if you don't use the process xml parsing, but instead build your object graph programatically.

最小的jbpm部署，只需要核心jbpm库和commons-logging库，以及dom4j库到你的classpath中。此时，不支持持久化业务程序到数据库。

Table 5.1. 

A typical deployment for jBPM will include persistent storage of process definitions and process executions. In that case, jBPM does not have any dependencies outside hibernate and its dependent libraries.

典型的jBPM部署包括持久化业务程序定义和执行的功能。 需要Hibernate

Of course, hibernate's required libraries depend on the environment and what features you use. For details refer to the hibernate documentation. The next table gives an indication for a plain standalone POJO development environment.

下面的表给出了简单的标准POJO部署环境需要的第三方库。

jBPM is distributed with hibernate 3.1 final. But it can also work with 3.0.x. In that case, you might have to update a few hibernate queries in the hibernate.queries.hbm.xml configuration file. For more info about customizing queries, see Section 7.6, “Customizing queries”

Table 5.2. 

The beanshell library is optional. If you don't include it, you won't be able to use the beanshell integration in the jbpm process language and you you'll get a log message saying that jbpm couldn't load the Script class and hence, the script element won't be available.

Beanshell库是可选的。

Table 5.3. 

Chapter 2. Getting started起步

This chapter takes you through the first steps of getting JBoss jBPM and provides the initial pointers to get up and running in no time.

初始化JBpm3.12

2.1. Downloadables Overview

Listed below are the different jBPM packages that are available today. Each of these packages contains one or more downloadable files. Along with each of these files goes a description of its contents and a pointer to any relevant installation instructions if they are available.

All downloads described below can be found on the sourceforge jbpm downloads page.

2.1.1. jBPM 3

Download JBoss jBPM 3 at sourceforge.net. This is the main distribution package containing the core engine and a number of additional modules that you may need to work with jBPM. 包括JBpm核心和其他包。

• The Starters Kit (jbpm-starters-kit-<version>.zip): If you want to get started with jBPM quickly, this is the file you want to download. It contains all the other modules of this package plus the graphical designer in one single download. Extract the zipped archive into a folder of your choice and read the file named 'readme.html' for more info and further installation instructions. With this starters kit you can immediately get started with the Chapter 3, Tutorial.

包含了包括图形化设计器在内的所有模块，能够帮助你快速启动。

• Core Engine and Identity Component (jbpm-<version>.zip): The download contains the jBPM core engine as well as the identity component for actor and group management. To start working with it, extract the archive into a folder of your choice. You will find pointers to the User's Guide and other important information resources in the 'readme.html' file in the 'jbpm-<version>' folder.

核心，包括核心引擎和身份组建，内有用户指南文档。

• Database Extensions (jbpm-db-<version>.zip):数据库扩展 The database extension pack contains the jBPM core engine as well as the identity component for actor and group management. To start working with it, extract the archive into a folder of your choice. You will find pointers to the User's Guide and other important information resources in the 'readme.html' file in the 'jbpm-<version>' folder.

2.1.2. jBPM Process Designer

jBPM过程设计器

Download JBoss jBPM Process Designer at sourceforge.net. The designer is an eclipse plugin and enables you to author 创作your process definitions过程定义 and to easily deploy them. The plug-in is available for download either as a zipped Eclipse feature or as a zipped Eclipse update site. There is no difference in content, the only difference is in the way you have to do the installation.

• Eclipse Update Site (jbpm-gpd-site-<version>.zip): If you want to be absolutely sure that the designer installation goes smoothly, we recommend to use the update site mechanism together with a new Eclipse installation. Of cource the Eclipse version should match the downloaded update site archive. To get started with the designer plugin, follow the instructions in the 'readme.html' file included in the archives root folder to succesfully install the GPD.

使用本地站点更新方式部署。

• Eclipse Feature (jbpm-gpd-feature-<version>.zip): If you are tired of each time having to do a fresh Eclipse installation and you are willing to cope with some possible issues, you can try the feature download. In this case installation is as easy as extracting the archive into your Eclipse installation (make sure the included 'plugins' and 'features' folders end up in the same location of your Eclipse installation) overwriting the files and folders with the same name that are possibly already present. This installation is very easy, but you could run into incompatibility issues when you overwrite plugins already present in your installation because of other features that you did install. Though they have the same name it could happen that the versions of these colliding plugins are not equal, hence the possible incompatibilities. The installation instructions are repeated in the 'readme.html' file.

这个是手工部署。

2.1.3. jBPM BPEL extension

Download JBoss jBPM BPEL extension at sourceforge.net. It contains only one file : jbpm-bpel-<version>.zip. To get started with the BPEL extensions, look in the User's Guide in the 'doc' subfolder of the toplevel folder.

jbpm-bpel：含有JBoss jBPM的BPEL扩展件方面的信息。

BPEL是一个规范的SOA组件。因为与JBoss jBPM使用的许可证不同，所以被独立了出来。

2.2. The JBoss jBPM project directory

• professional support: JBoss is the company that backs this project with professional support, training and consultancy services.
• user guide: is the document you're reading and serves as the main entry point into the project.
• forums: get in contact with the community, ask questions and discuss jBPM   论坛，社区。
• wiki: extra information, mostly provided by the community
• issue tracker: for submitting bugs and feature requests
• downloads: sourceforge download page for jBPM
• mailing lists: mailing lists are used for announcements
• javadocs: part of the download in the doc/javadoc directory.

2.3. CVS access

2.3.1. Anonymous CVS access

Alternatively, you can get JBoss jBPM from cvs with the following information:

• Connection type: pserver
• User: anonymous
• Host: anoncvs.forge.jboss.com
• Port: 2401 (which is the default)
• Repository path: /cvsroot/jbpm
• Label: :pserver:anonymous@anoncvs.forge.jboss.com:/cvsroot/jbpm

2.3.2. Developer CVS access

To get cvs developer access, you must sign contributors agreement and you need an ssh key. More information on both can be found on the JBoss cvs repository wiki page

• Connection type: ext over ssh (extssh in eclipse)
• User: sf.net username or jboss username
• Host: cvs.forge.jboss.com
• Port: 2401 (which is the default)
• Repository path: /cvsroot/jbpm
• Label: :pserver:anonymous@cvs.forge.jboss.com:/cvsroot/jbpm

1.   流程的定义

JBPM 没有采用WfMC提出的流程定义语言XPDL，而是自己开发了一种称为JPDL的语言来定义流程。因此，在开发一个应用时我们最终需要生成一个符合该XML schema的文件processdefinition.xml来表示定义好的流程。它可以manually获得，也可以使用可视化的定义工具自动生成。

JBPM 专门提供了一个开发流程的环境，称为process development environment(pde)。可以 在 jbpm 根目录下执行命令 ant create.pde 来生成 pde 工作目录 。生成的包结构如下所示：

         Build.xml 文件用于配置一个流程，即利 用 ant 工具解析 processdefinition.xml 文件，并将运行流程时所需的相关信息存储到数据库中。

Lib 存放了开发和配置流程所需的全部库文件，包括数据库的 jdbc 驱动。

Src 包括开发和配置流程的全部源文件和所需资源。

Src/config 只有两个文件， jbpm.properties 和 log4j.properties 。其中， jbpm.propertie 文件包含了数据库的配置信息。因此，更换数据库或数据库的 jdbc 驱动都需要修改这里。

Scr/java 存放 java 源文件。

Src/process 存放工作流定义文件 (processdefinition.xml) 和相关的资源文件，如图片和 form 文件。

Src/test 存放测试代码。

Target/classes 是 src/java 中源码的输出目录，存放编译后的 class 文件。

Target/par 存放用命令 ant build.process.archives 生成的 par 包。 Par 包实际上就是把 src/process 中的流程定义及相关文件打包成 zip 形式存储。

Target/test-classes 存放测试程序的编译结果。

Target/test-report 存放测试报告。

2.   流程的执行

JBPM 把负责执行流程的类库打包成jbpm.core.jar，它也是JBPM工作流引擎的核心。在开发一个工作流应用时，只需将该jar文件放到相应的lib目录下面。而开发人员就可以专注于开发一个流程模型，完成对流程的定义，而无需过多考虑流程执行的细节。

3.   流程的客户端

客户端组件的开发，需要一个应用服务器作为servlet container，我们这里选择了tomcat。JBPM将开发一个webapp所需的类打包成jbpm.web.jar，包括自定义的tag和Struts用到的类等等。开发应用时，将该jar放到WEB-INF\lib下面就可以了。

一个基于工作流的webapp应用的开发和普通webapp的开发方式很相似。包结构也保持一贯作风：

      
所以，我们需要做的主要工作是完成客户端应用所需的 jsp 页面的开发，可以选用 Struts 来进行开发。需要注意的是，我们要对 lib 目录下的 jbpm.properties 文件进行配置，主要是对数据库 jdbc 驱动的配置。

4.    系统数据库的创建

JBPM 可以支持多种数据库系统，包括MSSQL,，Mysql，Oracle，hdbsql等。它提供了很灵活的配置方式，只需要修改jbpm.properties文件，同时将相应的JDBC Driver拷贝到lib目录就可以了。利用ant的generate.ddl命令，JBPM还支持自动生成用于创建系统表的sql脚本，而且可以生成对应于各种数据库系统的脚本，非常便于数据库系统的更换和系统数据库的创建。

5.   开发过程

环境配置如下：

JBPM 2.0

Ant 1.6.2

Tomcat 5.0.27

SQL Server 2000

SQL Server 2000 Driver for JDBC

仍以之前演示过的request a payraise为例（见下图），介绍一下利用JBPM开发一个工作流应用需要完成的工作。

1)       首先，我们需要完成流程的定义。这不仅包括定义processdefinition.xml，还要对流程执行时使用到的其他资源进行定义。比如，在web应用中用到的图片，form等。还需要配置form.xml，该文件确定了流程中不同状态和form的关系，如request a payraise状态下，需要如下图所示的form：

 

补充Processdefinition.xml 示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE process-definition PUBLIC "-//jBpm/jBpm Mapping DTD 2.0//EN" "http://jbpm.org/dtd/processdefinition-2.0.dtd">

<process-definition name="pay raise process">

<!-- SWIMLANES -->
<swimlane name="requester" />

    <swimlane name="boss">
    <delegation class="org.jbpm.delegation.assignment.ActorAssignmentHandler">cg</delegation>
</swimlane>

    <swimlane name="erp operator">
    <delegation class="org.jbpm.delegation.assignment.ActorAssignmentHandler">pf</delegation>
</swimlane>

2)       有了processdefinition.xml文件，我们就可以配置流程。即使用ant命令，解析这个文件并且将执行时需要的信息存储在数据库中。如下图：

3)       我们无需关心流程将怎么执行，完全交给jbpm.core.jar就好。

4)       剩下的另外一项比较繁重的工作就是开发一个用于该流程的客户端应用。前面已经提到过， 我们需要做的主要工作是完成客户端应用所需的 jsp 页面的开发。包括登录页面，查看自己的 tasklist 页面，执行 task 的页面等。除此之外，还可以通过日志来完成流程的监控和管理界面。这些都由应用的需求来决定。

目录

第一章绪论

 JBoss jBPM 是一个灵活的，易扩展的工作流管理系统。JBoss jBPM有一套直观的流程建模语言，这套语言能用任务（task），异步通信的等待状态（wait state ），定时器（timer），自动化的动作（automated action）等来图形化的表示业务流程。为了把这些操作集成在一

起，JBoss jBPM拥有强大的，易扩展的控制流程机制。

JBoss jBPM对外依赖程度很小，你完全可以像用java的类库一样用它。并且它也可以被部署在高性能的J2EE集群应用服务器上。

JBoss jBPM能配置在任何数据库上，并且能被部署在任何的应用服务器上。

1.1 总览

 工作流和业务流程处理功能的核心部分被打包成一个简单的java类库。这个类库包括了这样一个服务：流程信息的存储，更新，和从数据库中重新取回。