I got a chance to take part in this festival last friday. It is a big party for the Dao  and other ethnics. The small towns was crammed with people and ererybody was dressed up in their best. The main street in this towns is the important place to display their best products, for example, food, dress,handicraft,etc. It is also a good place for young people to go on a date.

The more excited place is the main fairground, which is the playground of the local elementary school. In this place, lots of Dao and Thai young people dance  to their unique  ethnic music. The scene is so beautiful that I forgot where I was.

The KunMing is a capital of YunNan province, and have a well known name :Spring city. Just as its nickname, the climate of KunMing is very good. There is not summer or winter, only spring day. The lowest temperature in KunMing may be 3 Celsius degree and the maximum temperature  may be 25 Celsius degree. The temperature is so moderate in most of time that there are not air-conditioner and fan in KunMing people’s home. The sky is blue, the temerature is moderate and the pace of life isn’t quick as other city, all of these are suitable for people to live in KunMing. So, there are little local people want to leaving KunMing for a job.

However, There are some aspectes should be noted for people come from other city. First of all, the plateau effect in KunMing is rather obvious for newcome people. Some newcomer may feel shortness of breath while do some light exercise. Secondly, if you want to go out for shopping or other things, you should take a umbrella with you. Because the ultraviolet radiation in KunMing is so intense that the local girl’s skin is not good. The most importantly, the climate of KunMing is very dry in witer. You should drink much water as you can, and keep the lipstick with you.

Generaly speaking, the KunMing is a best city for human live

1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子

(1)To begin with首先
例：To begin with,smoking should be banned in public areas.“首先，公共场所禁止吸烟。”

(2)Generally speaking一般地说，总体上说
例：Generally speaking,it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.“总的说来，加大图书馆的投资是良策。”

　　82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.
然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.
尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents' desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.
只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.
这是真的吗？这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.
那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。
89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.
然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in people's life and economic growth.
通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

　　91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.
那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.
一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.
必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.
尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.
许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants' lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.
建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平；应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants' lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.
总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.
尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

　　100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.
我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

101. In addition to the obvious problem--loneliness, another major obstacle, in my opinion, is the alien environment of campus.
除了孤独这一明显的问题之外，我认为另一个困难是对校园环境的不熟悉。

　　102. Freshmen often get lost on campus; fail to find the way to dormitory or library.
新生常常在校园迷路，不知道去宿舍或图书馆该怎么走。

103. Most important of all, apart from their hometown and parents, students couldn't catch sight of any familiar face and have to suffer from homelessness, which can cause certain serious mental disease.
更重要的是，离开了家乡和父母，看不到任何熟悉的面孔，他们不得不忍受思家之苦，这可能会导致严重的精神疾病。

104. In the first place, school authorities should provide far more services to help freshmen to get used to the new life as soon as possible.
首先，学校应提供更多的服务，帮助新生尽快适应新的生活。

　　105. The senior and junior students could share their own experience about how to overcome the difficulty they have ever met, how to adjust to the new environment with the new students.
高年级学生可以与新生一起分享他们的经历：如何克服遇到的困难，如何适应新的环境。

106. At the same time, young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents and are essential in the maintenance of healthy mental condition.
同时，应该鼓励年轻人和他们的同龄人交往，发展他们的交际能力，这将帮助他们极大地减少对父母的倚赖并且保持健康的精神状态。

107. In conclusion, we must lay emphasis on this problem and make our maximum contribution to help them spend their first day on campus smoothly.
总之，我们应重视这个问题，尽最大努力帮助他们平稳度过他们最初的校园生活。

　　108. There is a general discussion over fashion in recent years. One of the questions under debate is whether a person should choose comfortable clothes, which he or she likes, regardless of fashion.
近些年，关于时尚存在着广泛的争论。其中一个问题就是一个人是否应选择他喜欢的舒适的衣服，而不管是否时尚。
109. This issue is becoming a matter of concern for more and more people, especially for parents and experts in education.
这一问题已被越来越多的人所关注，尤其是父母和教育专家。

110. Many young people always go into raptures at the merely mention of buying fashion clothes. And they seem to be attracted by colorful material, various styles of fashion clothes. There is nothing, they maintain, that can't be compared with fashion clothes. In fact, fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster's life.
许多年轻人一提到 时尚服装就兴高采烈。他们似乎被时尚服装那多彩的面料，各种不同的款式所吸引。 　　111. Many people seem to overlook the basic fact: the major function of clothing is to keep us warm and comfortable.
许多人似乎忽视了这个基本事实：衣服的基本功能是保持我们舒适和温暖。

112. Furthermore, people who addict to fashion clothes have to spend more time going shopping and pay more attention to the impression they make on others. As a result, it is impossible to devote enough time and energy in their study and job.
而且，沉湎于时尚服装的人们不得不花费更多时间逛商店，更加注意自己给别人的 印象。因此，他们不可能有足够的时间用于学习或工作。 　　112a. No one can doubt the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world. Experts in increasing numbers are beginning to believe that such situation would produce unfavorable effects on economic growth of local areas.
没有人能否认这一重要事实：最近几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。越来越多的专家开始相信这种状况将对当地的经济发展产生不利影响。

114. There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building of roads. Another primary reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.
关于这个问题，有很多原因。一个主要原因是车辆增加的数量远快于道路的建设。另一个主要原因是私家车过多而公交车不够。

　　115. Meanwhile, the numbers of people, who have access to their own cars, have risen sharply in the recent years.
同时，拥有私人轿车的人数这几年却在快速增加。 　　116. Moreover, many people, including drivers and cyclists, do not obey the traffic rules properly, especially at busy intersections. And this undoubtedly worsens the already grave situation.
而且，许多人，包括司机和骑自行车的人，不能很好地遵守交通规则，特别是在繁忙的十字路口，这无疑使本已严重的状况雪上加霜。

　　117. The number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of public buses should be increased.
在城市私人轿车的数量应得到控制而公交车的数量应该增加。

118. When asked what kind of school they are willing to send their children to attend, many parents say they would choose a boarding school rather than day schools for their children.
当问到愿意将孩子送到哪种学校的时候，许多父母认为他们会选择寄宿学校而不是日制学校。

119. Many survey show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to recognize that boarding school provides better environment and facilities for children.
许多调查显示越来越多的人开始意识到寄宿学校能给他们的孩子提供较好的学习环境和设施。 　

  120. At the same time, there are still many people who live under the traditional ideas that day schools play an extremely important role in children's study.
同时，仍有许多人持传统观点认为日制学校对孩子的学习发挥着极其重要的作用。

121. On the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.
一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。

　　122. Students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.
离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性。

123. What's more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.
而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

　　124. On the other hand, the contribution of day schools can't be ignored.
另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

　　125. Due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.
因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

126. Since it is unnecessary to consider student's routine life, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.
由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

127. Furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.
而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

128. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

129. There is much discussion over science and technology. One of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.
关于科学技术存在许多争论，其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时，传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡？ 130. As for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.
我认为，传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事，这是社会进步的自然结果。

131. In the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.
首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

　　132. Although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.
尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

　　133. In the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.
第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。

134. Although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in people's life, an increasing evidences show that it is less useful than many people think.
尽管许多人保持着传统观念，认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用，但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。

135. From what has been discussed above, I firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. The maintenance of the traditional technology and methods is futile.
通过以上讨论，我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡，坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

136. At the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.
当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时，我们比任何时候更需要森林。

　　137. Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。

　　138. We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

　　139. There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
无可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

　　140. It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

　　141. There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。

　　142. An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。

　　143. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

　　144. So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。

　　145. Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。 　

  　146. The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你越努力，你越进步。

　　147. The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。

148. To average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that English often means a good opportunity for one's career, is this really the case?
对于一般人来说，他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作，然而这是真的吗？

　　149. By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
通过体育锻炼，我们能够始终保持健康。

　　150. Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.
听音乐能使我们放松。

　　151. On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

　　152. It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

　　153. Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

　　154. There is no one but longs to go to college.
人们都希望上大学。

　　155. Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。

　　156. It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

　　157. Summer is sultry. That's the reason why I don't like it.
夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。

　　158. The progress of the society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 　

  　159. We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。

　　160. Taking exercise is closely related to health.
作运动与健康息息相关。

161. We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

　　162. The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。

　　163. Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

　　164. Reading does good to our mind.
读书对心灵有益。

　　165. Overwork does harm to health.
工作过度对健康有害。

　　166. Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

　　167. We should do our best to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

168. Weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.
家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。

　　169. As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.
众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。

170. Today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. In order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.
现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

　　171. From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on TV has great influence on youngsters' behavior.
从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

172. There are two reasons for the improvement in people's living conditions. In the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. Secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. Furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.
人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。

173. My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.
我对解决这个问题的建议如下：首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。

174. People differ in their attitudes towards failure. Faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. Others, however, lose heart and give in.
人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

175. It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。

176. As a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." Now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are suffering from public hazards.
常言道：事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。

177. Let's take cars for example. They not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. Furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.
就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

178. It is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.
普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。

　　179. There is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

180. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易）引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

181. With the opening and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5,000years.
随着改革开放政策的贯彻执行，数以万计的外国游人涌入中国。他们渴望参观这个有着5000多年灿烂文化的神秘古国。

182. Tourism brings China a lot of benefits. First, it enables the Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promotes friendship and understanding. Second, it is financially beneficial to China, which needs more foreign currencies for its modernization program.
旅游业给中国带来许多好处。首先，它使中国人了解外界，并有助于促进友谊和理解。其次，在经济上也有利于我国，因为中国现代化建设需要大量的外汇。

183 Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. For instance, it becomes a burden to inefficient transportation system.
旅游业也引起许多问题。例如，它增加了我国本来效率不高的运输系统的负担。

184. Besides, the living standard of the average Chinese is still not high enough to be able to afford the many different sorts of expensed during long distance travels.
此外，中国人民的生活水平还没有高到足以使普通中国人有钱支付长途旅行的各种开支。

　　185. As for me, with the development of our national economy, all these problems will certainly be solved step by step.
至于我，我相信，随着我国经济的发展，这些问题必将逐步解决。

　　186. A much better and brighter future awaits us.
我们期望有一个更加光明的未来。

　　187. When an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own.
每当机遇降临，伴之而来的是成功的希望，但是机遇不能自行实现成功。

188. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you.
假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。否则，机遇来临你却无法利用。 189. The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see pass by.
成功者与失败者的区别在于处理机遇的态度。成功者做好充分准备迎接机遇的适时来临。而失败者工作懒散，眼看机遇悄然而过。

190. In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve purpose.
我的观点是：在我们的社会里，人人都有许多机遇，但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人才能利用机遇达到目的。

191. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
人类学家已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
192. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一个地方的人口越多，对其水。交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

193. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

194. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
父母的教导如果坚定，理性，始终如一，孩子就有可能充满自信。

195. Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
电视，这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。

196. Television is more than just an electronic appliance; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
电视不仅仅是一件电器；它是表达的手段和交流的载体，并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。

197. I am always amazed when I heard people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
每当我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。

198. One of the great early writers wrote that: Work is the grand cure of all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind. If this is true, then the present situation should make us wonder whether the measure that the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50 is reasonable.
一位伟大的作家曾写到：工作是医治人间一切病痛和疾苦的万应良药。 如果是这样的话，那么现在的状况应使我们想一想，强迫普通工人在50岁退休是否合理。

199. "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer. This view has been shared now by more and more people.
著名作家萧伯纳曾说过：在这个世界上取得成功的人，都努力去寻求他们想要的机会，如果找不到时，他们就自己创造机会。这一观点现在正在被越来越多的人所接受。

　　200. Adler is correct in this assertion that education does not end with graduation.
阿得勒这句话很正确，教育不能随着毕业而结束。

　　2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

　　3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

　　4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

　　5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

　　6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

　　7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

　　9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

　　12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

　　14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

　　16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

　　19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

　　20. No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

　　21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

　　22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

　　23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

　　24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

　　25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

　　27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

　　28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.
这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

　　29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
我同意后者，有如下理由：

　　30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

　　31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.
这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I've collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.
尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.
考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

　　35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to people's physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.
使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

　　36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.
尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

　　37. Bicycle can't be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.
在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

　　40. This issue has caused wide public concern.
这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.
必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life.
许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

　　43. As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:
就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

　　44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.
人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。 　　45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.
即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.
人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

　　48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.
一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.
对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students' doing a part-time job.
对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.
近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

　　54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.
因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.
人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.
同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

　　59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

　　60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.
第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.
根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

　　64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.
近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.
许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.
但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

　　67. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:
就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.
另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

　　69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.
由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

　　70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.
近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

　　71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.
这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.
许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.
首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.
孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.
第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

　　76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.
当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.
而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn't be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.
现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

二． 修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）
英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化． 对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．例１． I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
       剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末．

三． 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）
在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．
例１． There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
       剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句．
改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.

四． 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了．
改为：
When I was ten, my grandfather died.
例１． To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚．
改为：
To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

五． 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等．
例１． None can negative the importance of money.
剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。
改为：
None can deny the importance of money.

六． 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)
读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
       剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：
        We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

七． 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
例１． There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 
剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为：
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside
world

八． 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例１． The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
改为：
The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

九． 累赘(Redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：
In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I  like him.
例１． For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
       剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。
       改为：
       Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.

十． 不连贯(Incoherence)
       不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例１． The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.                              
剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。
改为：
Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

十一． 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)
所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。
例1．Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.

1、  How did you come to choose your degree/discipline ？

2、  Why did you come to this cllege/university ？

3、  What do you like most/least about your subject ？

4、  What class of degree do you anticipate gaining ？ Why ？

5、  How will your studies relate to your work ？

6、  How have your studies been funded ？

7、  Tell me about any project work you have undertaken ？

8、  What is your strongest/weakest subject ？ Why?

9、  What have you contributed to the university?

10、              What have you enjoyed most at university?

11、              How does the approach to your subject at this college differ form that of other establishments ？

12、              What recent developments in your discipline have taken your interest recently ？

CAREER QUESTIONS

13、              Tell me about your career aspirations ？

14、              Where do you see yourself in 5/10 years time ？

15、              What attracted you to this industry/sector ？

16、              How will your studies support your career ？（ Note ： This is a very likely question if ， for example ， you are a geographer who wants to be an accountant or a physicist who wants to go into personnel ）

17、              What are you looking for in a career ？

18、              Describe your ideal employer 。

19、              What are you looking for in a job ？

20、              What plants do you have to gain further qualifications ？

21、              Why are you interested in management ？

22、              Tell me something xbout your ambitions ？

POTENTIAL EMPLOYER QUESTIONS

23、              Why did you apply to us ？

24、              How much do you know about our organization ？

25、              Do you know anyone who works for us ？

26、              What aspect of your training are you looking forward to most ？

27、              Why should we select you ？

28、              What do you think you have to offer?

29、              Where are you prepared to work ？

30、              What do you suppose are the main problems and opportunities facing our organization/industry/sector at this time ？

31、              Given your career plans how long will you stay with our organization ？

QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR PERSONALITY AND INTERESTS

32、              How would you describe yourself ？ Can you give me some examples from your life to    support your statements ？

33、              How would your friends describe you ？

34、              How would your tutor describe you?

35、              What are your strengths?

36、              What are your weaknesses?

37、              What do you look for in a good manager ？ what sort of manager do you think you will make ？

38、              What are your interests outside your studies?

39、              How to you spend your spare time?

40、              How do you spend your vacations?

41、              What newspaper do you read?

42、              What have you read recently that has taken your interest?

43、              On what does most of yours disposable income go?

44、              How have your interests changed since coming up to university?

45、              What motivates you?

46、              Tell my about your sport activities.

47、              Besides your degree, what else do you feel you have gained from university?

48、              In what societies are you active?

49、              What positions of responsibility do you hold?

50、              What will you remember most about your college days apart from your studies?

MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS

51、              tell me a little about your family

52、              what do your parents think about your chosen career?

53、              What will you do if we do not take you?

54、              What other companies have your applied to?

In any prisoner’s life is not the minister of justice, not the commissioner of prisons, not even the head of prison, but the warder in one’s section. If you are cold and want an extra blanket, you might petition the minister of justice, but you will get no response. If you go to the commissioner of prisons, he will say, “Sorry, it is against regulations.” The head of prison will way, “If I give you an extra blanket, I must give one to everyone.” But if you approach the warder in your corridor, and you a re on good terms with him, he will simply go to the stockroom and fetch a blanket.

I always tried to be decent to the warders in my section; hostility was self-defeating. There was no point in having a permanent enemy among the warders. It was ANC policy to try to educate all people, even our enemies: we believed that all men, even prison service warders, were capable of change, and we did our utmost to try to sway them.

In general we treated the warders as they treated us. If a man was considerate, we were considerate in return. Not all of our warders were ogres. We noticed right from the start that there were some among them who believed in fairness. Yet, being friendly with warders was not an easy proposition, for they generally found the idea of being courteous to a black man abhorrent. Because it was useful to have warders who were well disposed toward us, I often asked certain men to make overtures to selected warders. No one liked to take on such a job.

We had one warder at the quarry who seemed particularly hostile to us. This was troublesome, for at the quarry we would hold discussions among ourselves, and a warder who did not permit us to talk was a great hindrance. I asked a certain comrade to befriend this fellow so that he would not interrupt our talks. The warder was quite crude, but he soon began to relax a bit around this one prisoner. One day, the warder asked this comrade for his jacket so that he could lay it on the grass and sit on it. Even though I knew it went against the comrade’s grain, I nodded to him to do it.

A few days later, we were having our lunch under the shed when this warder wandered over. The warder had an extra sandwich, and he threw it on the grass near us and said, “Here.” That was his way of showing friendship.

This presented us with a dilemma. On the one hand, he was treating us as animals to whom he could toss a bit of slop, and I felt it would undermine our dignity to take the sandwich. On the other hand, we were hungry, and to reject the gesture altogether would humiliate the warder we were trying to befriend. I could see that the comrade who had befriended the warder wanted the sandwich, and I nodded for him to take it.

The strategy worked, for this warder became less wary around us. He even began to ask questions about the ANC. By definition , if a man worked for the prison service he was probably brainwashed by the government’s propaganda. He would have believed that we were terrorists and Communists who wanted to drive the white man into the sea. But as we quietly explained to him our nonracialism, our desire for equal rights, and our plans for the redistribution of wealth, he scratched his head and said, “It makes more bloody sense than the Nats.”

Having sympathetic warders facilitated one of our most vital tasks on Robben Island: communication. We regarded it as our duty to stay in touch with our men in F and G, which was where the general prisoners were kept. As politicians, we were just as intent on fortifying our organization in prison as we had been outside. Communication was essential if we were to coordinate our protests and complaints. Because of the greater numbers of prisoners coming and going in the general section, the men in F and G tended to have more recent information about not only what was happening in the movement, but about our friends and families·······

　　2. You make me sick! 你真让我恶心！

　　3. What's wrong with you? 你怎么回事？

　　4. You shouldn't have done that! 你真不应该那样做!

　　5. You're a jerk! 你是个废物/混球！

　　6. Don't talk to me like that! 别那样和我说话!

　　7. Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁？

　　8. What's your problem? 你怎么回事啊？

　　9. I hate you! 我讨厌你！

　　10. I don't want to see your face! 我不愿再见到你！

　　11. You're crazy! 你疯了!

　　12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind? 你疯了吗？（美国人绝对常用！）

　　13. Don't bother me. 别烦我。

　　14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。

　　15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失！

　　16. Leave me alone. 走开。

　　17. Get lost.滚开！

　　18. Take a hike! 哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。

　　19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。

　　20. It's none of your business. 关你屁事！

　　21. What's the meaning of this? 这是什么意思？

　　22. How dare you! 你敢！

　　23. Cut it out. 省省吧。

　　24. You stupid jerk! 你这蠢猪！

　　25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。

　　26. I'm fed up. 我厌倦了。

　　27. I can't take it anymore. 我受不了了！

　　28. I've had enough of your garbage. 我听腻了你的废话。

　　29. Shut up! 闭嘴！

　　30. What do you want? 你想怎么样？

　　31. Do you know what time it is? 你知道现在都几点吗？

　　32. What were you thinking? 你脑子进水啊？

　　33. How can you say that? 你怎么可以这样说？

　　34. Who says? 谁说的？

　　35. That's what you think! 那才是你脑子里想的！

　　36. Don't look at me like that. 别那样看着我。

　　37. What did you say? 你说什么？

　　38. You are out of your mind. 你脑子有毛病！

　　39. You make me so mad.你气死我了啦。

　　40. Drop dead. 去死吧！

　　41. Bug off. 滚蛋。

　　42. Don't give me your shit. 别跟我胡扯。

　　43. Don't give me your excuses/ No more excuses. 别找借口。

　　44. You're a pain in the ass. 你这讨厌鬼。

　　45. You're an asshole. 你这缺德鬼。

　　46. You bastard! 你这杂种！

　　47. Get over yourself. 别自以为是。

　　48. You're nothing to me. 你对我什么都不是。

　　49. It's not my fault. 不是我的错。

　　50. You look guilty. 你看上去心虚。

　　51. I can't help it. 我没办法。

　　52. That's your problem. 那是你的问题。

　　53. I don't want to hear it. 我不想听！

　　54. Get off my back. 少跟我罗嗦。

　　55. Give me a break. 饶了我吧。

　　56. Who do you think you're talking to? 你以为你在跟谁说话？

　　57. Look at this mess! 看看这烂摊子！

　　58. You're so careless. 你真粗心。

　　59. Why on earth didn't you tell me the truth? 你到底为什么不跟我说实话？

　　60. I'm about to explode! 我肺都快要气炸了！

　　61. What a stupid idiot! 真是白痴一个！

　　62. I'm not going to put up with this! 我再也受不了啦！

　　63. I never want to see your face again! 我再也不要见到你！

　　64. That's terrible. 真糟糕！

　　65. Just look at what you've done! 看看你都做了些什么！

　　66. I wish I had never met you. 我真后悔这辈子遇到你！

　　67. You're a disgrace. 你真丢人！

　　68. I'll never forgive you! 我永远都不会饶恕你！

　　69. Don't nag me! 别在我面前唠叨！

　　70. I'm sick of it. 我都腻了。

　　71. You're such a *****! 你这个婊子!

　　72. Stop screwing/ fooling/ messing around! 别鬼混了！

　　73. Mind your own business! 管好你自己的事！

　　74. You're just a good for nothing bum! 你真是一个废物！/ 你一无是处！

　　75. You've gone too far! 你太过分了！

　　76. I loathe you! 我讨厌你！

　　77. I detest you! 我恨你！

　　78. Get the hell out of here! 滚开!

　　79. Don't be that way! 别那样！

　　80. Can't you do anything right? 成事不足，败事有余。

　　81. You're impossible. 你真不可救药。

　　82. Don't touch me! 别碰我！

　　83. Get away from me! 离我远一点儿！

　　84. Get out of my life. 我不愿再见到你。/ 从我的生活中消失吧。

　　85. You're a joke! 你真是一个小丑！

　　86. Don't give me your attitude. 别跟我摆架子。

　　87. You'll be sorry. 你会后悔的。

　　88. We're through. 我们完了！

　　89. Look at the mess you've made! 你搞得一团糟！

　　90. You've ruined everything. 全都让你搞砸了。

　　91. I can't believe you never. 你好大的胆子！

　　92. You're away too far. 你太过分了。

　　93. I can't take you any more! 我再也受不了你啦！

　　94. I'm telling you for the last time! 我最后再告诉你一次！

　　95. I could kill you! 我宰了你！

　　96. That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard! 那是我听到的最愚蠢的事！ 　(比尔·盖茨常用)

　　97. I can't believe a word you say. 我才不信你呢!

　　98. You never tell the truth！ 你从来就不说实话！

　　99. Don't push me ! 别逼我！

　　100. Enough is enough! 够了够了！

　　101. Don't waste my time any more. 别再浪费我的时间了！

　　102. Don't make so much noise. I'm working. 别吵，我在干活。

　　103. It's unfair. 太不公平了。

　　104. I'm very disappointed. 真让我失望。

　　105. Don't panic! 别怕!

　　106. What do you think you are doing? 你知道你在做什么吗？

　　107. Don't you dare come back again! 你敢再回来！

　　108. You asked for it. 你自找的。

　　109. Nonsense! 鬼话！胡说八道！

On the night of February 17, 1981 I was studying for an 2)Organic Chemistry test at the library with Sharon, my girlfriend of three years. Sharon had asked me to drive her back to her dormitory as it was getting quite late. We got into my car, not realizing that just getting into a car would never quite be the same for me again. I quickly noticed that my gas 3)gauge was registered on empty so I pulled into a nearby convenience store to buy $2.00 worth of gas. "I'll be back in two minutes," I yelled at Sharon as I closed the door. But instead, those two minutes changed my life forever.

Entering the convenience store was like entering the 4)twilight zone. On the outside I was a healthy, athletic, pre-med student, but on the inside I was just another statistic of a violent crime. I thought I was entering an empty store, but suddenly I realized it was not empty at all. Three robbers were in the process of committing a robbery and my entrance into the store caught them by surprise. One of the criminals immediately 5)shoved a .38 6)caliber handgun to my head, ordered me to the cooler, pushed me down on the floor, and pumped a bullet into the back of my head - execution style. He obviously thought I was dead because he did not shoot me again. The 7) trio of thieves finished robbing the store and left calmly.

Meanwhile, Sharon wondered why I had not returned. After seeing the three men leave the store she really began to worry as I was the last person she saw entering the store. She quickly went inside to look for me, but saw no one-only an almost empty cash register containing one check and several pennies. Quickly she ran down each aisle shouting, "Mike, Mike!"

Just then the 8) attendant appeared from the back of the store shouting, "Lady, get down on the floor. I've just been robbed and shot at!"

Sharon quickly dropped to the floor screaming, "Have you seen my boyfriend? He has 9)auburn hair." The man did not reply but went back to the cooler where he found me choking on my vomit. The attendant quickly cleaned my mouth and then called for the police and an ambulance.

Sharon was in shock. She was beginning to understand that I was hurt, but she could not begin to comprehend or imagine the severity of my injury.

When the police arrived they immediately called the 10)homicide division as they did not think I would survive and the 11)paramedic reported that she had never seen a person so severely wounded survive. At 1:30 a.m. my parents who lived in Houston, were awakened by a telephone call from Brackenridge Hospital advising them to come to Austin as soon as possible for they feared I would not make it through the night.

But I did make it through the night and early in the morning the 12)neurosurgeon decided to operate. However, he quickly informed my family and Sharon that my chances of surviving the surgery were only 40/60. If this were not bad enough, the neurosurgeon further shocked my family by telling them what life would be like for me if I 13)beat the odds and survived. He said I probably would never walk, talk, or be able to understand even simple commands.

My family was hoping and praying to hear even the slightest bit of encouragement from that doctor. Instead, his pessimistic words gave my family no reason to believe that I would ever again be a productive member of society. But once again I beat the odds and survived the three and a half hours of surgery.

Granted, I still could not talk, my entire right side was paralyzed and many people thought I could not understand, but at least I was stable. After one week in a private room the doctors felt I had improved enough to be transferred by jet ambulance to Del Oro 14)Rehabilitation Hospital in Houston.

My 15)hallucinations, coupled with my physical problems, made my 16)prognosis still very bleak. However, as time passed my mind began to clear and approximately six weeks later my right leg began to move ever so slightly. Within seven weeks my right arm slowly began to move and at eight weeks I uttered my first few words.

My speech was extremely difficult and slow in the beginning, but at least it was a beginning. I was starting to look forward to each new day to see how far I would progress. But just as I thought my life was finally looking brighter I was tested by the hospital europsychologist. She explained to me that judging from my test results she believed that I should not focus on returning to college but that it would be better to set more "realistic goals."

Upon hearing her evaluation I became furious for I thought, "Who is she to tell me what I can or cannot do. She does not even know me. I am a very determined and stubborn person!" I believe it was at that very moment that I decided I would somehow, someday return to college.

It took me a long time and a lot of hard work but I finally returned to the University of Texas in the fall of 1983 - a year and a half after almost dying. The next few years in Austin were very difficult for me, but I truly believe that in order to see beauty in life you have to experience some unpleasantness. Maybe I have experienced too much unpleasantness, but I believe in living each day to the fullest, and doing the very best I can.

And each new day was very busy and very full, for besides attending classes at the University I underwent therapy three to five days each week at Brackenridge Hospital. If this were not enough I flew to Houston every other weekend to work with Tom Williams, a trainer and executive who had worked for many colleges and professional teams and also had helped many injured athletes, such as Earl Campbell and Eric Dickerson. Through Tom I learned: "Nothing is impossible and never, never give up or quit."

Early, during my therapy, my father kept repeating to me one of his favorite sayings. I have repeated it almost every day since being hurt: "Mile by mile it's a trial; yard by yard it's hard; but inch by inch it's a cinch."

I thought of those words, and I thought of Tom, my family and Sharon who believed so strongly in me as I climbed the steps to receive my diploma from the Dean of Liberal Arts at the University of Texas on that bright sunny afternoon in June of 1986. Excitement and pride filled my heart as I heard the dean announce that I had graduated with "highest honors", been elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and been chosen as one of 12 Dean's Distinguished Graduates out of 1600 in the College of Liberal Arts.

The overwhelming emotions and feelings that I experienced at that very moment, when most of the audience gave me a standing 17)ovation, I felt would never again be matched in my life-not even when I graduated with a masters degree in social work and not even when I became employed full time at the Texas Pain and Stress Center. But I was wrong!

On May 24, 1987, I realized that nothing could ever match the joy I felt as Sharon and I were married. Sharon, my high school sweetheart of nine years, had always stood by me, through good and bad times. To me, Sharon is my miracle, my diamond in a world filled with problems, hurt, and pain. It was Sharon who dropped out of school when I was hurt so that she could constantly be at my side. She never wavered or gave up on me.

It was her faith and love that pulled me through so many dark days. While other nineteen year old girls were going to parties and enjoying life, Sharon devoted her life to my recovery. That, to me, is the true definition of love.

After our beautiful wedding I continued working part time at the Pain Center and completed my work for a masters degree. We were extremely happy, but even happier when we learned Sharon was pregnant.

On July 11, 1990 at 12:15 a.m. Sharon woke me with the news: "We need to go to the hospital… my water just broke." I couldn't help but think how ironic it was that my life almost ended in a convenience store and now on the date "7-11" we were about to bring a new life into this world. This time it was my turn to help Sharon as she had helped me over those past years.

She was in labor for 15 hours. At 3:10 p.m. Sharon and I experienced the birth of our beautiful daughter, Shawn Elyse Segal!

Tears of joy and happiness came to my eyes as our healthy, alert, wonderful daughter entered this world. We anxiously counted her 10 fingers and her 10 toes and watched her wide eyes take in the world about her. It was truly a beautiful picture that was 18)etched in my mind forever as she lie in her mother's waiting arms, just minutes after her birth. At that moment I thanked God for blessing us with the greatest miracle of all-Shawn Elyse Segal.

我从未觉得自己与众不同，但人们常对我说：“你的生命是个奇迹。”对我而言，我只是一个普通人，有着现实的目标和远大的理想。我曾是德克萨斯大学一名十九岁的大学生，在通向理想之路上信步前行，梦想有一天我会成为一名整形外科医生。

1981年2月17日的晚上，我和交往三年的女友沙伦在为有机化学测试做准备。因为太晚了，沙伦叫我驾车把她送回宿舍。我们钻进汽车，谁能想到在今后的生命中我不能再如此矫健地重复这样一个简单的动作。我很快发现油表空了，于是我把车泊在附近的一家便利店旁，想买两块钱的汽油。“我两分钟就回来，”我关上车门朝沙伦喊到。但就是这短短的两分钟改变了我一生的命运，永远地改变了。

进入这家便利店就如同踏上了阴阳间的奈何桥，门外的我还是个健康的，活蹦乱跳的未婚大学生，而门内的我却成了暴力犯罪的又一个牺牲品。我还以为店里没有人，但我突然发现我错了——有三个匪徒正在打劫这家店，而我的进入让他们有些惊慌失措。其中一个匪徒迅速掏出一把口径为38毫米的手枪用力指着我的头，勒令我走到冷冻机旁，然后把我推倒在地，像执行死刑般从后面朝我头部开了一枪。他没再朝我开第二枪，显然他以为我死了。打劫完后三个劫匪逃之夭夭。

与此同时，沙伦对我的不归忧心忡忡。看到这三个匪徒离开便利店后她真的很担心，因为我是她见到的最后一个进入店里的人。她赶快跑进店来找我，只见几乎被一扫而空的收银机上挂着一张帐单，还有几枚硬币散落在上面，四周无人。她在货架间飞快地跑着、喊着：“迈克，迈克！”

这时一名服务员从店后面走出来叫到：“小姐，过来一下，我刚才被打劫了，他们还向我开了枪。”

沙伦跌跌撞撞地过来哭喊到：“你见到我的男朋友了吗？长褐色头发的。” 那人默默走到冷冻机旁，找到了我，此时呕吐快令到我窒息了。他赶忙帮我擦干了嘴，叫了警察和救护车。

沙伦被吓坏了。渐渐地她才明白我受伤了，但是她根本想象不到伤势的严重性。

警察来了，他们很快断定是杀人案，因为没人相信我还能活过来，而救护人员说她从来没有见过伤势如此严重的人可以逃离死劫。下午一点半，我住在奥斯汀的父母被来自布莱肯瑞吉医院的电话铃惊醒，医院通知他们尽快赶到奥斯汀，因为他们认为我熬不过当晚了。

但那晚我挺了过来，第二天清晨神经外科医生决定给我动手术。但他立即告知我的家人和沙伦我存活的机会只有百分之四十。然后他还雪上加霜地告诉我的家人，向他们描述如果我万幸活下来将面临怎样的生活——我可能再也不会走路了，不会说话了，甚至不能理解一些极其简单的命令。这些对我的家人来说都是莫大的打击。

本来家里人祈望能从医生的口中听到一点点鼓励的话，而他悲观的言语让他们没理由相信我还会成为一个对社会有用的人。在经历了三个半小时的手术之后，我再次侥幸地活了下来。

医生的话得到了应验，我不能说话，整个右边的身体瘫痪了，许多人认为我变傻了，但至少我身体状况是稳定的。在私人看护病房里呆了一个星期后，医生觉得我已经好转了许多，并可以坐救护飞机转到奥斯汀的德欧洛康复医院。

意识上的幻觉和生理上的病疾使我的病情预断非常的渺茫。然而时间的飞逝使我的意识开始变得清晰，大约六个星期以后我的右腿可以轻微地活动了，七周以后我的右臂开始缓慢地活动了，八周以后我终于开口说话了。

说话对于我非常地艰难并且开始的时候说得很慢，但是总算是开头了。我开始寄希望于新的一天的到来，祈望着新的进步。但正当我以为生活总算初露光明的时候，医院里有个欧洲来的心理学家对我做了测试。她向我解释到，从检测的结果来看她坚信我不能再重返学校，劝我对此不要抱有任何希望，希望我最好树立些更现实点的目标。

她的这番结论让我怒不可遏，“她是谁，凭什么告诉我能做什么或不能做什么。她根本不了解我。我是很坚强而固执的人！”我相信就在那时我决定无论如何，总有一天我会返回学校的。

在经历了一年半垂死挣扎的生活后，在漫长的等待和艰辛的付出后，终于在1983年的秋天，我返回了德克萨斯大学。在奥斯汀接下来的几年里我生活得非常艰难，但我确信为了看到生活中的真善美你必须要经历一些苦难。也许我经历的苦难太多了，但我有一个信念——充实地过每一天，尽力做到最好。

日子过的很繁忙、很充实，除了读书，每周我还在要在布莱肯瑞吉医院接受三到五次的治疗。如果这还不够忙的话，我还要隔周和汤姆·威廉斯飞到奥斯汀工作。汤姆是一个教练兼主管，他曾效力于许多大学校队和职业联队，并帮助过许多受伤的运动员，如：厄尔·坎贝尔 和 艾立克·迪克森。从汤姆的身上我学到“没有什么是不可能的，千万千万不要放弃，永不放弃。”

早在我接受治疗的时候，父亲总是重复他最爱的那句话，每天当我感到痛苦的时候我也对自己重复那句话，那就是“脚踏实地，切勿急功近利。”

1986年六月那个阳光明媚的午后，当我步履蹒跚地走上德克萨斯大学迪安文学院的台阶接受文凭的时候，我思索着这些话，想到汤姆、父母还有沙伦，他们都那么坚定地给予了我信任。当我听到院长宣布我以最高荣誉毕业时，我的心中充满了骄傲和自信。接着他还宣布我被选入美国大学优等生荣誉学会，并在1600名毕业生中当选为12名迪安文学院的杰出毕业生之一。

当场有许多观众站起来为我鼓掌，那一刻令我心潮澎湃、百感交集。我甚至觉得生命中不可能再经历那样的感慨和激情，这种想法一直延续到我获得社会学的硕士学位，成为德克萨斯止痛减压中心的一名全职工作人员。但幸运之神再次眷顾了我！

1987年5月24日，我觉得再没有什么能与此时的快乐相提并论，我和沙伦结婚了。沙伦是我高中时代的女友，风风雨雨九年来，她一直陪在我身旁。对我来说，她是我的奇迹，是我在这个充满困惑和伤痛的世界上拥有的一颗钻石。为了能日夜守侯在我的身旁，沙伦在我受伤的时候放弃了学业。她的爱从未动摇过，她从未抛弃过我。

是她的忠诚和爱伴着我度过了无数个黑暗的日子。当别的十九岁的女孩子参加舞会、享受生活的时候，沙伦把青春献给了病床上的我，等待我的康复。对我来说，这就是爱的真谛。

在那个美满的婚礼之后，我继续在止痛中心做着兼职的工作，并获得了我的硕士学位。我们非常的幸福，而沙伦怀孕的消息更让我们恩爱有加。

1990年7月11日12点15分，沙伦把我从梦中唤醒：“我们得去医院了…… 我羊水破了。”我忍不住想命运真让人啼笑皆非，它几乎让我在那家便利店里丢了性命，而在一个命名为“7·11”的日子里它却让我迎来新生命的出世。多年来沙伦帮我度过了一次又一次难关，这次该我来帮助她了。

沙伦经历了15个小时的分娩。在3点10分的时候，沙伦和我一起迎来了我们美丽的女儿——萧恩·艾丽斯·斯高。

当我看到美丽的女儿健康地来到这个世上，喜悦和幸福化作泪水夺眶而出。我们迫不及待地数着她的十个手指和十只脚趾，看着她大大的眼睛注视着她的世界。初生的婴儿躺在妈妈柔软的怀里如一副优美的图画将永驻我的心中。那一刻，我感谢上帝赐予我们如此最伟大的奇迹——我的萧恩·艾丽斯·斯高。

"BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARS"

Winston Churchill (May 13, 1940 ) On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.

It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.

I have already completed the most important part of this task. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.

It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitting a further list to the King tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.

The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.

I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to M. P. 's at the earliest opportunity.

I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government. The resolution:

"That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion."

To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.

In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for mer colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.

I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.

You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.

You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.

Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.

I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.

I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength."

“热血、汗水和眼泪”

　　上星期五晚上，我奉陛下之命，组织新的一届政府。

　　按国会和国民的意愿，新政府显然应该考虑建立在尽可能广泛的基础上，应该兼容所有的党派。

　　我已经完成了这项任务的最主要的部分。战时内阁已由五人组成，包括工党、反对党和自由党，这体现了举国团结一致。

　　由于事态的极端紧急和严峻，新阁政府须于一天之内组成，其他的关键岗位也于昨日安排就绪。今晚还要向国王呈报一份名单。我希望明天就能完成几位主要大臣的任命。

　　其余大臣们的任命照例得晚一些。我相信，在国会下一次召开时，任命将告完成，臻于完善。

　　为公众利益着想，我建议议长今天就召开国会。今天的议程结束时，建议休会到5月21日，并准备在必要时提前开会。有关事项当会及早通知各位议员。

　　现在我请求国会作出决议，批准我所采取的各项步骤，启示记录在案，并且声明信任新政府。决议如下：

　　“本国会欢迎新政府的组成，她体现了举国一致的坚定不移的决心：对德作战，直到最后胜利。”

　　组织如此规模和如此复杂的政府原本是一项重大的任务。但是我们正处于历史上罕见的一场大战的初始阶段。我们在其他许多地点作战——在挪威，在荷兰，我们还必须在地中海做好准备。空战正在继续，而且在本土也必须做好许多准备工作。

　　值此危急关头，我想，即使我今天向国会的报告过于简略，也当能见谅。我还希望所有在这次改组中受到影响的朋友、同僚和旧日的同僚们对必要的礼仪方面的任何不周之处能毫不介意。

　　我向国会表明，一如我向入阁的大臣们所表明的，我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水我们所面临的将是一场极其严酷的考验，将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。

　　若问我们的政策是什么？我的回答是：在陆上、海上、空中作战。尽我们的全力，尽上帝赋予我们的全部力量去作战，对人类黑暗、可悲的罪恶史上空前凶残的暴政作战。这就是我们的政策。

　　若问我们的目标是什么？我可以用一个词来回答，那就是胜利。不惜一切代价，去夺取胜利——不惧一切恐怖，去夺取胜利——不论前路如何漫长、如何艰苦，去夺取胜利。因为没有胜利就不能生存。

　　我们务必认识到，没有胜利就不复有大英帝国，没有胜利就不复有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就不复有多少世纪以来的强烈要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。

　　我精神振奋、满怀信心地承担起我的任务。我确信，大家联合起来，我们的事业就不会遭到挫败。

　　在此时此刻的危急关头，我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要说：“来吧，让我们群策群力，并肩前进！”

My fellow citizens, at this hour American and coalition forces are in the early stages of military operations to disarm Iraq, to free its people and to defend the world from grave danger.

"On my orders, coalition forces have begun striking selected targets of military importance to undermine Saddam Hussein's ability to wage war. These are opening stages of what will be a broad and concerted campaign. "

More than 35 countries are giving crucial support, from the use of naval and air bases, to help with intelligence and logistics, to the deployment of combat units. Every nation in this coalition has chosen to bear the duty and share the honor of serving in our common defense.

"To all of the men and women of the United States armed forces now in the Middle East, the peace of a troubled world and the hopes of an oppressed people now depend on you. "That trust is well placed.

"The enemies you confront will come to know your skill and bravery. The people you liberate will witness the honorable and decent spirit of the American military.

"In this conflict, America faces an enemy who has no regard for conventions of war or rules of morality. Saddam Hussein has placed Iraqi troops and equipment in civilian areas, attempting to use innocent men, women and children as shields for his own military; a final atrocity against his people. "I want Americans and all the world to know that coalition forces will make every effort to spare innocent civilians from harm. A campaign on the harsh terrain of a nation as large as California could be longer and more difficult than some predict. And helping Iraqis achieve a united, stable and free country will require our sustained commitment.

"We come to Iraq with respect for its citizens, for their great civilization and for the religious faiths they practice. We have no ambition in Iraq, except to remove a threat and restore control of that country to its own people. "I know that the families of our military are praying that all those who serve will return safely and soon.

"Millions of Americans are praying with you for the safety of your loved ones and for the protection of the innocent. "For your sacrifice, you have the gratitude and respect of the American people and you can know that our forces will be coming home as soon as their work is done. "Our nation enters this conflict reluctantly, yet our purpose is sure. The people of the United States and our friends and allies will not live at the mercy of an outlaw regime that threatens the peace with weapons of mass murder.

"We will meet that threat now with our Army, Air Force, Navy, Coast Guard and Marines, so that we do not have to meet it later with armies of firefighters and police and doctors on the streets of our cities. "Now that conflict has come, the only way to limit its duration is to apply decisive force. And I assure you, this will not be a campaign of half measures and we will accept no outcome but victory.

"My fellow citizens, the dangers to our country and the world will be overcome. We will pass through this time of peril and carry on the work of peace. We will defend our freedom. We will bring freedom to others. And we will prevail.

"May God bless our country and all who defend her."

同胞们，我们已经开始了对伊拉克的军事行动，我们要解除伊拉克的武装，解放伊拉克的人民，避免世界陷入危险。

我已经下达命令，联军已经开始对固定的目标进行选择性打击，彻底销毁萨达姆威胁这个世界的能力，这将是一次大规模的袭击，这只是一个初始的阶段。

至少35个国家向我们提供重要帮助，包括使用他们的基地、分享情报、提供后勤支援。所有参加这场战争的国家将和我们共同承担这份责任、分享共同联手的荣誉。

那些驻扎在中东地区的美国士兵们，那里的和平和人民现在就要靠你们了。

你们将不负这些信任。

你们的敌人将尝到你们的勇敢和出色，被你们解放的人民将会见证美国军队勇往的精神，见证美国人的精神。

在这场战斗中，美国所面对的敌人无视战争规则和道德准则。萨达姆将伊拉克军队设在了平民区，企图将无辜的妇女、儿童、男人作为保护自己军队的盾牌，这是他对自己人民最后的暴行。

我希望所有的美国人、全世界的人民都知道，盟军将尽一切努力保证避免伤害无辜人民，这可能会使我们的战争比预期更加艰难，时间更长。我们要帮助伊拉克人民实现一个团结、稳定、自由的国度，这需要我们做出持久的承诺。

我们到伊拉克去，我们尊重伊拉克人民，并且尊重伊拉克人民伟大的文明和宗教信仰，我们对伊拉克并没有野心，我们只是去解除威胁，将管理国家的权力重新归还给伊拉克人民。

我知道，美国军队的家属都在为士兵们祈祷，希望他们能够尽早安全返回。

成千上万的美国人正在祈祷亲人安全，祈祷无辜人民能够受到保护。

你们的牺牲将换来美国人民的尊重，一旦任务完成，你们将尽快回家。 美国并不愿意这场冲突发生，然而我们的目标是明确的，美国人民、我们的盟友不会对一个非法的政权心慈手软，这个政权正使用大规模杀伤性武器威胁世界和平。

我们的陆军、海军、空军现在正直面这些威胁，这是为了避免以后我们的消防员、警察和医生在我们自己的城市街道上面对这样的威胁。

现在战争已经开始，速战速决的唯一方法就是坚决打击。我向大家保证，这不会是一场半途而废的战争，除非胜利，我们不会罢休。

我们的国家和世界面临的危险将被解除，我们将度过危险时期，继续和平事业，我们将保卫我们的自由，也将把自由带给其他人。我们一定会成功。

上帝保佑我们的国家，保佑我们的战士们．

记：自Blog开通访问量以来突破100，开个英文阅读栏目．以督促自己学好E文．．