BlogJava-gembin-随笔分类-Linux

CentOS-语言设置

gembin — Sun, 23 Dec 2012 14:08:00 GMT

查看所有的locale语言

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# locale -a 
# locale -a|grep en

■ 查看当前操作系统使用的语言

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# echo $LANG

■ 设置系统locale语言为中文环境（永久生效）

# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n

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LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"

■ 设置系统locale语言为英文环境（永久生效）

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LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

■ 临时改变系统locale语言（退出本次登录立即失效）

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# export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

■ 安装中文字体

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# yum install fonts-chinese.noarch

■ 指定中文字体路径

# vi /etc/X11/fs/config

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catalogue = /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc:unscaled, 
        /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi:unscaled, 
        /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi:unscaled, 
        /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1, 
        /usr/share/fonts/default/Type1, 
        , 
        /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType, 
        /usr/share/fonts/zh_TW/TrueType 



方法2
修改CentOS运行环境的默认语言环境变量值
[root@www ~]# vi /etc/profile
找到export语句，在语句前面加入
LANG=”en_US.UTF-8″
再在export后面追加LANG
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC LANG
保存配置，修改CentOS语言完成。

gembin 2012-12-23 22:08 发表评论

ethtool and mii-tool

gembin — Fri, 07 Sep 2012 06:41:00 GMT

mii-tool（这是Linux下专门设置网卡工作模式的命令）
　　1. 查看网卡的工作模式，输入命令：
　　#mii-tool -v
　　eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
　　product info: vendor 00:aa:00, model 56 rev 0
　　basic mode: autonegotiation enabled
　　basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
　　capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
　　advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
　　link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
　　从以上信息中可以看出，这块网卡工作在100M全双工自适应模式下，“100BaseTx-FD”意为100M Full Duplex。
　　2. 更改网卡的工作模式，输入命令：
　　#mii-tool -F media [interface]
　　media可选的模式有100baseTx-FD、100baseTx-HD、10baseT-FD、10baseT-HD等。 Interface代表所选择的网卡，如eth0、eth1等，默认为eth0。
　　例如，设置网卡工作在10M半双工模式下，输入命令：
　　#mii-tool -F 10baseT-HD eth0
　　3. 恢复网卡的自适应工作模式，输入命令：
　　#mii-tool -r eth0
　　更详细的使用方法可以用mii-tool -h来获得。

ethtool/mii-tool

Linux LAN card: Find out full duplex / half speed or mode

Q. How do I find out if my Lan (NIC) card working at full or halt duplex mode / speed under Linux?

A. LAN card or NIC is use to send and receive data. Technically, we use word Duplex for this functionality. Full duplex means you are able to send and receive data (files) simultaneously. In half duplex, you can either send or receive data at a time (i.e. you cannot send receive data (files) simultaneously). Obviously, full duplex gives you best user experience. However, how can I find out whether I am using full duplex/half duplex speed/mode?
Task: Find full or half duplex speed

You can use dmesg command to find out your duplex mode:

# dmesg | grep -i duplex

Output:

eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1

ethtool command

Uss ethtool to display or change ethernet card settings. To display duplex speed, enter:

# ethtool eth1

Output:

Settings for eth1:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 10Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
Supports Wake-on: umbg
Wake-on: g
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
Link detected: yes

mii-tool command

You can also use mii-tool to find out your duplex mode. Type following command at shell prompt:

# mii-tool

Output:

eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok

Remember,

1. 100baseTx-FD: 100Mbps full duplex (FD)
2. 100baseTx-HD: 100Mbps half duplex (HD)
3. 10baseT-FD: 10Mbps full duplex (FD)
4. 10baseT-HD: 10Mbps half duplex (HD)

mii-tool utility checks or sets the status of a network interface Media Independent Interface (MII) unit. Most fast ethernet adapters use an MII to autonegotiate link speed and duplex setting. If you are using old card then this utility may not work (use dmesg command).

This utility is useful for forcing specific Ethernet speed and duplex settings too, setup 100Mbps full duplex speed under Linux:

# mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD

Setup 10Mbps half duplex:

# mii-tool -F 10baseT-HD

source:

http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-setup-linux-lan-card-find-out-full-duplex-half-speed-or-mode/

gembin 2012-09-07 14:41 发表评论

Top Ten Reasons not to use the C shell

gembin — Sun, 01 Apr 2012 08:30:00 GMT

 http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/CshTop10.txt

gembin 2012-04-01 16:30 发表评论

Get substring of a string under UNIX/Linux

gembin — Sun, 01 Apr 2012 07:38:00 GMT

there many ways to do so.

str="hello world"

1) cut
Where -cN-M tells the cut command to return columns N to M, inclusive.
cut -cN-M

start=1
end=5
sub_str=`echo ${str} | cut -c${start}-${end}`
output: hello

2) bash
Note: if you are not sure of having bash, consider using cut.

${str:offset}
${str:offset:length}

sub_str=${str:0:5} 
output: hello 

3) expr

expr substr string position length 
sub_str=`expr substr $str 1 5`
output: hello

gembin 2012-04-01 15:38 发表评论

Get the length of a string under UNIX/Linux

gembin — Sun, 01 Apr 2012 07:14:00 GMT

there many ways to do so.

str="hello world"

len=`expr length ${str}`

len=${#str}

len=`echo ${str} | awk "{ print length }"`

len=`echo -n ${str} | wc -c`

gembin 2012-04-01 15:14 发表评论

How To Pronounce GNU

gembin — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 09:17:00 GMT

http://www.gnu.org/pronunciation/pronunciation.html

The name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix!”; it is pronounced as one syllable with a hard g, like “grew” but with the letter “n” instead of “r”.

This is a recording of Richard Stallman saying “GNU” and another with a short explanation about how GNU was named:

How to say “GNU”:

How GNU Was Named:

gembin 2011-11-18 17:17 发表评论

How To Use wget With Username and Password for FTP / HTTP File Retrieval

gembin — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 03:02:00 GMT

摘要: 阅读全文

gembin 2011-06-07 11:02 发表评论

Configuring the VNC server/viewer in Linux.

gembin — Fri, 16 Jul 2010 03:45:00 GMT

摘要: Configuring the VNC server/viewer in Linux. 阅读全文

gembin 2010-07-16 11:45 发表评论

How To Setup Linux VNC Server In 3 Minutes

gembin — Fri, 16 Jul 2010 03:37:00 GMT

摘要: setup Linux VNC Server In 3 Minutes 阅读全文

gembin 2010-07-16 11:37 发表评论