﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>BlogJava-Flyingis-随笔分类-Algorithm</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/category/6808.html</link><description>Talking and thinking freely !&lt;br&gt;
Flying in the world of Java and GIS !</description><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Tue, 27 Feb 2007 08:42:18 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Tue, 27 Feb 2007 08:42:18 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>基本数据结构的Java实现</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/02/05/29646.html</link><dc:creator>Flyingis</dc:creator><author>Flyingis</author><pubDate>Sun, 05 Feb 2006 15:08:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/02/05/29646.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/comments/29646.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/02/05/29646.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>1</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/comments/commentRss/29646.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/services/trackbacks/29646.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">链表</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">class Node {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Object item; Node next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Node (Object v) {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">item = v; next = null;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">头指针，空尾指针</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">初始化：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">head = null;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后插入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">if ( x == null)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">{ head = t; head.next = null; }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">else { t.next = x.next; x.next = t; }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">移走</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之后的结点：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t = x.next; x.next = t.next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">循环遍历：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">for ( t = head; t != null; t = t.next )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查链表是否为空：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">if ( head == null )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">空头结点，空尾指针</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">初始化：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">head = new Node(); head.next = null;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后插入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t.next = x.next; x.next = t;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">移走</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之后的结点：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t = x.next; x.next = t.next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">循环遍历：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">for ( t = head.next; t != null; t = t.next )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查链表是否为空：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">if ( head.next == null )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">空头结点，空尾结点</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">初始化：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">head = new Node(); z = new Node(); head.next = z; z.next = z;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后插入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t.next = x.next; x.next = t;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">移走</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之后的结点：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t = x.next; x.next = t.next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">循环遍历：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">for ( t = head.next; t != z; t = t.next )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查链表是否为空：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">if ( head.next == z )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">循环链表</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一次插入：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">head.next = head;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后插入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t.next = x.next; x.next = t; <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">移走</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之后的结点：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t = x.next; x.next = t.next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">循环遍历：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">t = head; do { t = t.next; } while ( t != head );<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查是否只有一个数据项：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">if ( head.next == head )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">堆栈</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数组实现</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">class Stack {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>private Object[] s;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>private int n;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Stack ( int maxN ) {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>s = new Object[maxN]; n = 0;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">boolean isEmpty() { return ( n == 0 ); }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">void push ( Object item ) { s[n++] = item; }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Object pop() {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Object t = s[--n]; s[n] = null; return t;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">链表实现</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">class Stack {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>private Node head;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>private class Node {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Object item; Node next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Node ( Object item, Node next ) {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>this.item = item; this.next = next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Stack ( Object maxN ) { head = null; }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">boolean isEmpty() { return ( head ==null ); }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">void push ( Object item ) { head = new Node(item, head); }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Object pop() {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Object v = head.item;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Node t = head.next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>head = t;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>return v;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">FIFO</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">队列的链表实现</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">class Queue {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>private class Node {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Object item; Node next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Node ( Object item ) {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>this.item = item; this.next = null;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Private Node head, tail;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Queue ( Object max ) { head = null; tail = null; }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">boolean isEmpty() { return ( head ==null ); }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">void put ( Object item ) {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Node t = tail;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>tail = new Node(item);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>if ( empty() )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>head = tail;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>else t.next = tail<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Object get() {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Object v = head.item;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Node t = head.next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>head = t;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>return v;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><img src ="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/aggbug/29646.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/" target="_blank">Flyingis</a> 2006-02-05 23:08 <a href="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/02/05/29646.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>数据结构中避免数据项的重复</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/30/29361.html</link><dc:creator>Flyingis</dc:creator><author>Flyingis</author><pubDate>Sun, 29 Jan 2006 16:34:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/30/29361.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/comments/29361.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/30/29361.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/comments/commentRss/29361.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/services/trackbacks/29361.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抽象数据类型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(ADT)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一种只能通过接口访问的数据类型，它是字段与基于字段的操作所构成的集合。这里的接口不是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">interface</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，而是访问数据的途径，接口把数据的表示和操作方法的实现完全分离开来。两种最基本的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">ADT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是堆栈和队列，并且根据我们的需要，可以构建更为复杂的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">ADT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，例如可以对数据项进行计数，检查数据项是否存在重复等等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在很多实际应用中，我们都不允许存在数据项重复的情况，需要对用户提交的重复数据进行合适的处理。让用户保证不提交重复的数据可以避免这种情况的发生，但显然这种方法并不实际，既然使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">ADT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是为了给使用它的程序员提供简单明了的数据类型解决方案，那么我们就应该在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">ADT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中来解决这个问题。以队列为例，一般可以通过两种策略来处理这个问题：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 6pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">放弃新输入的数据项：当最新放入队列中的数据项已经在队列中时，放弃当前输入的数据项。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 6pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">放弃旧的数据项，保存新输入的数据项：当最新放入队列中的数据项已经在队列中时，放弃已经存在于队列中的数据项，保存当前放入的数据项。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 对于第一种处理方式，在一种特殊的情况下，数据项存储的数据是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0~N-1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">之间的整数，那么可以通过增加一个新的数组</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">a[i]</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">或链表来储存</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">boolean</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">类型数据，当队列中第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">i</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个位置上已经存在数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">i</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(i&lt;=N-1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，设置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">a[i]=boolean</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，那么可以通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">a[i]</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">来判断数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">i</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">是否已经存在于队列中。第二种处理方式比第一种更为复杂一些，如果有必要，还可以让用户去选择采取哪种策略来避免重复的数据项。但不管怎么样，我们可以通过构建不同类型的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">ADT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，并在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">ADT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">中实现某些我们所需要的功能，将能极大限度地保证数据结构和算法的灵活性与清晰的结构，使基于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">ADT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的实现能满足各种不同的具体应用，并方便类的重构。</SPAN><img src ="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/aggbug/29361.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/" target="_blank">Flyingis</a> 2006-01-30 00:34 <a href="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/30/29361.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>理解数组和链表的最基本特性</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/24/29150.html</link><dc:creator>Flyingis</dc:creator><author>Flyingis</author><pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2006 15:42:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/24/29150.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/comments/29150.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/24/29150.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/comments/commentRss/29150.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/services/trackbacks/29150.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作者：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy"><A href="/flyingis/" target=_blank><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Flyingis</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数组和链表是数据结构中老生常谈的问题，在指针或是引用这些概念出来之前，数组就能用来实现链表的功能。这里所说的链表指的就是用指针或对象的引用来设计的链表。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在实际的应用开发中，数组由于它天生的种种特性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参考<A href="/flyingis/archive/2005/12/15/24089.html" target=_blank><FONT color=#000080>《</FONT></A></SPAN><A href="/flyingis/archive/2005/12/15/24089.html"><FONT color=#000080><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Java</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">容器分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">—</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数组》</SPAN></FONT></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，更多的会被开发人员所想到用到，但所有的数据结构都有它特定的适用场合。众所周知，数组和链表最大的区别在于，使用数组能够快速访问数组中的每个元素，而使用链表可以方便的操纵每个数据项。下面通过两个很有趣的例子说明了它们各自的区别与优势。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽然在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">JDK</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Java</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">List</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接口及其接口的实现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(ArrayList/LinkedList)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对链表数据结构提供了有力的支持，具体可以参考<A href="/flyingis/archive/2005/12/21/24951.html" target=_blank><FONT color=#000080>《</FONT></A></SPAN><A href="/flyingis/archive/2005/12/21/24951.html"><FONT color=#000080><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Java</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">容器分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">—List和Set</SPAN></FONT></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><A href="/flyingis/archive/2005/12/21/24951.html"><FONT color=#000080>》</FONT></A>但下面数学上关于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Josephus</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">问题的实现仅使用了自定义的最简单的链表结构。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">/**<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>* </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据命令行输入的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">N</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值，计算出所有小于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">N</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的素数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>* </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是素数将数组元素值设为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">true</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，否则设为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">false<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>*/<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">class ArrayApp {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>public static void main(String[] args) {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">int N = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">boolean[] a = new boolean[N];<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">for (int i = 2; i &lt; N; i++)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>a[i] = true;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">for (int i = 2; i &lt; N; i++)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>if (a[i] != false)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>for (int j = i; j*i &lt; N; j++)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>a[i*j] = false;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">for (int i = 2; i &lt; N; j++)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>if (a[i])<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>System.out.println(“” + i);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">/**<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>* N</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个有编号的小球围成一圈，每个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">M-1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个就拿去一个小球，计算最后剩下的球的位置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>*/<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">class LinkApp {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>static class Node {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">int value;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Node next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Node (int v) { v = value; }<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">public static void main(String[] args) {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>int N = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>int M = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Node first = new Node(1);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Node x = first;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>for (int i = 2; i &lt;= N; i++)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>x = (x.next = new Node(i));<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>x.next = first;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>while (x != x.next) {<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>for (int i = 1; i &lt; M; i++)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>x = x.next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>x.next = x.next.next;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">System.out.println(“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最后剩下的小球：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">” + x.value);<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">}<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><img src ="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/aggbug/29150.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/" target="_blank">Flyingis</a> 2006-01-24 23:42 <a href="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/24/29150.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>算法分析规则</title><link>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/22/28908.html</link><dc:creator>Flyingis</dc:creator><author>Flyingis</author><pubDate>Sat, 21 Jan 2006 16:34:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/22/28908.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/comments/28908.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/22/28908.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>9</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/comments/commentRss/28908.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/services/trackbacks/28908.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.8pt 0cm; text-indent: 21.85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">作者：<a href="/flyingis/"><font color="#000080">Flyingis</font></a><br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 算法作为实现计算机程序实现时解决问题的方法，在计算机应用领域发挥着举足轻重的作用。它研究的内容是解决问题的方法，而不是计算机程序的本身。一个优秀的算法可以运行在比较慢的计算机上，但一个劣质的算法在一台性能很强的计算机上也不一定能满足应用的需要，因此，在计算机程序设计中，算法设计往往处于核心地位。如何去设计一个适合特定应用的优秀算法是众多开发人员所关注的焦点，在算法设计时，需要了解算法设计的规则。</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.8pt 0cm; text-indent: 21.85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">要想充分理解算法并有效地应用于实际问题，关键是对算法的分析。通常我们可以利用实验对比分析、数学方法来分析算法。实验对比分析很简单，两个算法相互比较，它们都能解决同一问题，在相同环境下，哪个算法的速度快我们一般就会认为这个算法性能更好。数学方法能将算法分析的更为细致，能在严密的逻辑推理基础上判断算法的优劣，但在完成实际项目过程中，我们很多时候都不能去做这种严密的论证与推断，因为我们不是在完成一道数学难题，也不是数学领域的专家，将大量的时间花费在公式的计算与证明上会导致整个项目进度缓慢、成本过高，因此，在算法设计中，我们往往采用能近似表达性能的方法来展示某个算法的性能指标。例如，计算机对</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">n<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">n<sup>2</sup>+2n</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">的响应速度，当</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">n</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">比较大的时候几乎一样没什么区别，我们便可直接认为后者算法的复杂度为</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">n<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">。在分析算法时，隐藏细节的数学表示法成为</span><b style=""><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">大O</span></b><b style=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">记法</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">，它可以帮助我们简化算法复杂度的许多细节，提取主要成分，这和遥感图像处理中的主成分分析思想相近。</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.8pt 0cm; text-indent: 21.85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">基于算法复杂度简化表达的思想基础上，我们通常会对算法进行最坏情况分析和平均情况分析。对于一个给定的算法，如果能保证它的最坏情况下的性能依然不错当然很好，但是在某些情况下，程序的最坏情况算法的运行时间和实际情况的运行时间相差很大，在实际应用中我们几乎不会碰到最坏情况下的输入，那么此时进行最坏情况分析显得有些画蛇添足，特别是分析最坏情况算法会花费大量精力的时候。算法的平均情况分析可以帮助我们估计程序的性能，作为算法分析的基本指标之一，但是平均情况和实际情况仍然会有相差很大的时候，这时我们便可以使用随机法来尽量模拟现实中的情况，这样可以得到在严格的概率意义上的预测运行时间。另外，对于一个经典算法，我们没有必要再去对该算法进行改进，研究它的上界和下界，只需要了解该算法的特性，然后在合适的时候使用它。</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.8pt 0cm; text-indent: 21.85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">最后，当一个程序变快和变慢，让计算机反映出来的时间差几乎不会让人产生感觉的时候，我们也没有必要去改进这个算法，例如程序进行</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">1000</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">次循环花费</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">0.001</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">秒，改进后为</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">0.1</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">秒，在实际应用中通常也只需要几千次循环，此时我们就没有必要去花时间来研究这个算法了，只要该算法能正确完成任务即可。</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><img src ="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/aggbug/28908.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/" target="_blank">Flyingis</a> 2006-01-22 00:34 <a href="http://www.blogjava.net/flyingis/archive/2006/01/22/28908.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item></channel></rss>