Grails入门之二：一切从Hello World开始

Rique — Thu, 12 Mar 2009 10:12:00 GMT

Grails是个典型的遵照MVC模式开发的框架，至少包含了以下3个部分：控制器(Controllers)、领域(Domain)对象(模型)、视图(Views)。既然环境配置好了，Hello项目的基本构架也通过grails create-app hello创建好了，下面进入第一个grails例子。

进入hello项目文件夹(>cd hello)，输入 grails create-controller hello

1E:\Groovy\projects\hello>grails create-controller hello
2
3Welcome to Grails 1.0.4 - http://grails.org/
4Licensed under Apache Standard License 2.0
5Grails home is set to: E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4
6
7Base Directory: E:\Groovy\projects\hello
8Note: No plugin scripts found
9Running script E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4\scripts\CreateController.groovy
10Environment set to development
11     [copy] Copying 1 file to E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\controllers
12Created Controller for Hello
13    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\views\hello
14     [copy] Copying 1 file to E:\Groovy\projects\hello\test\integration
15Created ControllerTests for Hello

这样，在grails-app/controller目录下自动生成HelloController.groovy文件，同时grails-test下生成HelloControllerTest.groovy测试文件。
我们编辑HelloController控制器，在index{}中输出Hello World.其中，index是系统默认的操作，相当于JSP中的index.jsp。

1 class HelloController {
2 def index = {render 'Hello world!' }
3 }

运行项目 grails run-app

1E:\Groovy\projects\hello>grails run-app
2
3Welcome to Grails 1.0.4 - http://grails.org/
4Licensed under Apache Standard License 2.0
5Grails home is set to: E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4
6
7Base Directory: E:\Groovy\projects\hello
8Note: No plugin scripts found
9Running script E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4\scripts\RunApp.groovy
10Environment set to development
11  [groovyc] Compiling 7 source files to C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\.grails\1.0.4\projects\hello\classes
12[native2ascii] Converting 11 files from E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\i18n to C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\.grails\1.0.4\projects\hello\resources\grails-app\i18n
13     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\.grails\1.0.4\projects\hello\classes
14     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\.grails\1.0.4\projects\hello\resources
15     [copy] Copying 1 file to C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\.grails\1.0.4\projects\hello
16Running Grails application..
172009-03-12 20:00:01.183::INFO:  Logging to STDERR via org.mortbay.log.StdErrLog
182009-03-12 20:00:01.402::INFO:  jetty-6.1.12
192009-03-12 20:00:02.652::INFO:  No Transaction manager found - if your webapp requires one, please configure one.
202009-03-12 20:00:02.308:/hello:INFO:  Set web app root system property: 'hello-development-0.1' = [E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app]
212009-03-12 20:00:02.308:/hello:INFO:  Initializing log4j from [file:C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator/.grails/1.0.4/projects/hello/resources/log4j.properties]
222009-03-12 20:00:02.340:/hello:INFO:  Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
23[0] spring.GrailsWebApplicationContext Refreshing org.codehaus.groovy.grails.commons.spring.GrailsWebApplicationContext@396c7: display name [org.codehaus.groovy.grails.commons.spring.GrailsWebApplicationContext@396c7]; startup date [Thu Mar 12 20:00:05 CST 2009]; parent: org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext@1e7c609
24[0] spring.GrailsWebApplicationContext Bean factory for application context [org.codehaus.groovy.grails.commons.spring.GrailsWebApplicationContext@396c7]: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@c4c05
252009-03-12 20:00:08.179:/hello:INFO:  Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'grails'
262009-03-12 20:00:09.445::INFO:  Started SelectChannelConnector@0.0.0.0:8080
27Server running. Browse to http://localhost:8080/hello

打开浏览器，输入http://localhost:8080/hello/hello/index 查看运行结果

地址栏中，第一个hello为项目名，第二hello为控制器名，index为操作名。

最基本的一个入门程序写完了，除了手工编写外，我们还可以使用NetBeans作为开发IDE，大大简化开发流程。至少不用记那么多命令了哈！

Rique 2009-03-12 18:12 发表评论

Grails入门之一：环境配置及简单命令介绍

Rique — Tue, 10 Mar 2009 03:19:00 GMT

首先，让我们来搭建起开发Grails的环境。在Windows平台下，他的配置和Java的环境十分相似，那我们一步一步开始吧！
一、下载最新的发布版本：http://www.grails.org.解压后备用。本人把解压后的文件置于Grooy目录下。（以后的开发都在Groovy目录下完成，最好再建个目录projects）
二、设置GRAILS_HOME环境变量，类似于Java环境变量，找到解压后的根目录，如:E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4
三、将GRAILS_HOME加入到PATH中，%GRAILS_HOME%/bin

OK，现在测试一下，命令行下输入grails，如图：

好了，准备工作就绪，让我们开始介绍几个简单的命令吧！

命令行下输入grails help，先来看看grails的基本命令吧

1C:\>grails help
2
3Welcome to Grails 1.0.4 - http://grails.org/
4Licensed under Apache Standard License 2.0
5Grails home is set to: E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4
6
7Base Directory: C:\
8Note: No plugin scripts found
9Running script E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4\scripts\Help.groovy
10Environment set to development
11
12        Usage (optionals marked with *):
13        grails [environment]* [target] [arguments]*
14
15        Examples:
16        grails dev run-app
17        grails create-app books
18
19        Available Targets (type grails help 'target-name' for more info):
20grails bootstrap
21grails bug-report
22grails clean
23grails compile
24grails console
25grails create-app
26grails create-controller
27grails create-domain-class
28grails create-filters
29grails create-integration-test
30grails create-plugin
31grails create-script
32grails create-service
33grails create-tag-lib
34grails create-unit-test
35grails doc
36grails generate-all
37grails generate-controller
38grails generate-views
39grails help
40grails init
41grails install-plugin
42grails install-templates
43grails list-plugins
44grails package
45grails package-plugin
46grails plugin-info
47grails release-plugin
48grails run-app
49grails run-app-https
50grails run-war
51grails set-proxy
52grails set-version
53grails shell
54grails stats
55grails test-app
56grails upgrade
57grails war

前面是命令格式介绍，后面从20-57行总共38条命令，在应用中会逐一介绍。
其中，应用创建命令grails create-app最为常用，它会为我们创建一个标准的规范化的grails应用框架目录。如图，

1E:\Groovy\projects>grails create-app hello
2
3Welcome to Grails 1.0.4 - http://grails.org/
4Licensed under Apache Standard License 2.0
5Grails home is set to: E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4
6
7Base Directory: E:\Groovy\projects
8Note: No plugin scripts found
9Running script E:\Groovy\grails-1.0.4\scripts\CreateApp.groovy
10Environment set to development
11    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\src
12    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\src\java
13    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\src\groovy
14    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app
15    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\controllers
16    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\services
17    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\domain
18    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\taglib
19    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\utils
20    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\views
21    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\views\layouts
22    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\i18n
23    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\conf
24    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\test
25    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\test\unit
26    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\test\integration
27    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\scripts
28    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app
29    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app\js
30    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app\css
31    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app\images
32    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app\META-INF
33    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\lib
34    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\conf\spring
35    [mkdir] Created dir: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app\conf\hibernate
36[propertyfile] Creating new property file: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\application.properties
37     [copy] Copying 2 files to E:\Groovy\projects\hello
38     [copy] Copied 1 empty directory to 1 empty directory under E:\Groovy\projects\hello
39     [copy] Copying 2 files to E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app\WEB-INF
40     [copy] Copying 5 files to E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app\WEB-INF\tld
41     [copy] Copying 28 files to E:\Groovy\projects\hello\web-app
42     [copy] Copying 18 files to E:\Groovy\projects\hello\grails-app
43     [copy] Copying 1 file to E:\Groovy\projects\hello
44     [copy] Copying 1 file to E:\Groovy\projects\hello
45     [copy] Copying 1 file to E:\Groovy\projects\hello
46     [copy] Copying 1 file to E:\Groovy\projects\hello
47[propertyfile] Updating property file: E:\Groovy\projects\hello\application.properties
48Created Grails Application at E:\Groovy\projects/hello

Hello是我们创建的第一个grails应用，grails自动为我们创建必要的目录结构。

下节我们将基于这个目录结构，进行第一个入门的HelloWorld应用开发。

Rique 2009-03-10 11:19 发表评论

BlogJava-薄薄的Java-文章分类-Groovy涉猎

Grails入门之二： 一切从Hello World开始

Grails入门之一： 环境配置及简单命令介绍

Grails入门之二：一切从Hello World开始

Grails入门之一：环境配置及简单命令介绍