2、说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

3、说明：跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件
例子：..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where..

4、说明：子查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

5、说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

6、说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

7、说明：在线视图查询(表名1：a )
select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

8、说明：between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

9、说明：in 的使用方法
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)

10、说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )

11、说明：四表联查问题：
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

12、说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

13、说明：一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

14、说明：前10条记录
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

15、说明：选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

16、说明：包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

17、说明：随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

18、说明：随机选择记录
select newid()

19、说明：删除重复记录
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

20、说明：列出数据库里所有的表名
select name from sysobjects where type='U'

21、说明：列出表里的所有的
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')

22、说明：列示type、vender、pcs字段，以type字段排列，case可以方便地实现多重选择，类似select 中的case。
select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type
显示结果：
type vender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3

23、说明：初始化表table1

TRUNCATE TABLE table1

24、说明：选择从10到15的记录
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

三、技巧

1、1=1，1=2的使用，在SQL语句组合时用的较多

“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部   “where 1=2”全部不选，
如：
if @strWhere !=''
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere
end
else
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']'
end

我们可以直接写成
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere

2、收缩数据库
--重建索引
DBCC REINDEX
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
--收缩数据和日志
DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE

3、压缩数据库
dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限
exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'
go

5、检查备份集
RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:\dvbbs.bak'

6、修复数据库
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO

7、日志清除
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
        @MaxMinutes INT,
        @NewSize INT

USE     tablename             -- 要操作的数据库名
SELECT  @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log',  -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10,               -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
        @NewSize = 1                  -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)

-- Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
SELECT @OriginalSize = size
  FROM sysfiles
  WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
        CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +
        CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'
  FROM sysfiles
  WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
CREATE TABLE DummyTrans
  (DummyColumn char (8000) not null)

DECLARE @Counter   INT,
        @StartTime DATETIME,
        @TruncLog  VARCHAR(255)
SELECT  @StartTime = GETDATE(),
        @TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'

DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE     @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired
      AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName) 
      AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize 
  BEGIN -- Outer loop.
    SELECT @Counter = 0
    WHILE  ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
      BEGIN -- update
        INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log') 
        DELETE DummyTrans
        SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1
      END  
    EXEC (@TruncLog) 
  END  
SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
        CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' +
        CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'
  FROM sysfiles
  WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
DROP TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF

8、说明：更改某个表
exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'

9、存储更改全部表

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
 @OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
 @NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS

DECLARE @Name   as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner  as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName  as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR
 select 'Name'   = name,
  'Owner'   = user_name(uid)
 from sysobjects
 where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
 order by name

OPEN  curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN    
 if @Owner=@OldOwner
 begin
  set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)
  exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
 end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner

 FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END

close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO

10、SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据
declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
   insert into test (userid) values(@i)
   set @i=@i+1
end 

存储过程中经常用到的本周，本月，本年函数
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

Dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,0,getdate()),0)
Dateadd(ms,-3,dateadd(mm,datediff(m,0,getdate())+1,0))

Dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,0,getdate()),0)
Dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0))

上面的SQL代码只是一个时间段
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)
就是表示本周时间段.
下面的SQL的条件部分,就是查询时间段在本周范围内的:
Where Time BETWEEN Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1) AND Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)
而在存储过程中
select @begintime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
select @endtime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

[1]----select count(*)

       from syscolumns

       where object_name(id)='teacher_archives'
[2]----select count(*)

       from information_schema.columns

       where table_name=''
[3]----select column_name,data_type,character_maximum_length

       from information_schema.columns

       where table_name='teacher_archives'
[4]----select * from information_schema.columns

       where table_name='teacher_archives'
[5]----exec master..xp_cmdshell 'command'
[6]----dbcc checkident(assess_vindicate,reseed,1000)
选择第n条记录
select 30th
select top 1 * from table1 where col1 not in (select top 29 col1 from table1)

语句中判断之后再给出新值 & 类型转换Convert的使用
[8]----SELECT assess_name,total_mark,

              assess_code=CASE assess_code

              WHEN 0 THEN '出勤考核'

              ELSE CONVERT(char(4), assess_code) END

       from assess_vindicate
如果要判断是否是null,则case后面不跟列名，在when后面跟，如：
UPDATE T_User_Info SET Permission=CASE WHEN Permission IS NULL THEN @Permission ELSE Permission+@Permission END WHERE UserName=@UserName

截取部分
SUBSTRING(Record_Content,1,500) AS Record_Content
选取B表中没有而A表中有的数据
SELECT * FROM T_Teacher WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM T_Course WHERE T_Teacher.TeacherId=TeacherId)
优于SELECT * FROM T_Teacher WHERE TeacherId NOT IN (SELECT TeacherId FROM T_Course)

随机选取1条数据
select top 1 * from tb1 order by newid()

既显示数据库中的数据，又能按类别对数据进行分类统计
在GROUP BY后面使用WITH ROLLUP语句，统计数据中的不确定项会显示为Null,可以用CASE WHEN ...替换成类别名称
ROLLUP只返回第一个分组条件的统计行，而CUBE返回所有

Select Top
Select top 10 * From T_Table,如果后面有Order By sth，那么如果sth有重复的，就会都列出来
top10可能就变成20或者更多，要解决这个问题，可以在sth后面跟一个主键之类的，使orderby没有重复

从一个表选出数据插入另外一个表
insert into 表1(col1,...)
select col1...  from 表2  where 条件..

替换Null
isnull（字段名, '替换值'）

获取text字段的长度
datalength(字段名)

在text里面查找内容
PATINDEX('值',字段名)>0 

[9]----导出数据到excel中

       exec master..xp_cmdshell

            'bcp 数据库名..表名

             out c:\out.xls -c -q -S "LY_CZX"

                            -U "sa" -P "czx"'